The Second Amendment - The Right To Bear Arms Essay -- Constituton Bil

The Second Amendment and the Right to Bear ArmsThe Second Amendment to the Constitution gave unify States citizens the right to bear arms. Although, the Second Amendment stated A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms. However, the framers could not foresee the type of abandon we have in our cities today. Innocent citizens have and are being brutally killed due to this amendment. Stricter particle accelerator control laws must be enacted to receive these types of weapons.Background checks for triggerman buyers were implemented a year and a half ago, more than 4,600 people who were supposed to be prevented from buying guns bought them anyway because their background checks were not completed in time, according to ABC news. The NICS (National Instant Criminal Background Check System) is supposed to inspect the criminal, citizenship, and mental background of all gun buyers (Yahoo News). However, i f authorities cannot finish the checks in three days, the buyer gets the gun by defaulteven if he/she is a convicted felon or illegal alien (Yahoo News). On April 20, 1999, Columbine cultivate was terrorized by gunfire. Twelve students and one teacher was brutally slain by two seniors of the high school. According to the APB News,hundreds of people were intended to die. After the two students gunned start their classmates and teacher, they shot and killed themselves. At this time, the guns used in the shooting 2are said to have been purchased from unlicensed dealers at gun shows, according to Yahoo News. For this causa and many others, stricter gun laws should be enacted to be able to purchase these types of weapons.In Asheville N.C., two... ...as Review-Journal. Due to the increasing amount of deaths that are caused by firearms, Congress should enact stricter gun control laws. However, they are not and more people are continuing to die on a daily basis due to that matter. Congress is forever discussing ways of preventing convicted felons, mental patients, and illegal aliens from purchasing firearms, but do not fulfill the voters wishes of doing so. I feel that this is the governments way to prevent the United States from becoming overpopulated, because they are not doing anything to stop this problem. On the other hand, if most of the United States population is killed by gunfire, then where is the tax money going to be derived from? In my opinion, there should be a way to eliminate the section of the Second Amendment that gave the citizens of the United States the right to bear arms.

Rebelz page :: essays research papers

his dramatic works, Shakespeare has provided insights into human nature which, in the opinion of galore(postnominal) of his disciples, equal those of the greatest modern psychologists. The impact of the Bards insights is compounded by a masterful use of the language which makes him the mostly widely studied English writer. perform records indicate that William Shakespeare was baptised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire on April 26, 1564. April 23 is widely accepted as his date of birth. His father was a respected tradesman (a glover who was involved in a variety of commercial activities) who held several important municipal offices.Shakespeare was probably educated at the local grammar school. He would have viewed local theatrical productions by groups of travelling players. When he was eighteen he married the twenty-six year old Anne Hathaway. In May of 1583 she gave birth to their first daughter, Susanna. In 1585, twins, named Hamnet and Judith, were born. Shortly thereafter, S hakespeare left-hand(a) Stratford. It is speculated that he was fleeing prosecution for poaching deer on the property of a local nobleman.By about 1587 he had arrived in London and begun his career as an actor and playwright. His success earned him the jealousy of rivals such as Richard Greene who condemned him as "an upstart crow" in 1592.The following is a chronological listing of Shakespeares enactment of plays and poetry 1588-93 - The Comedy of Errors1588-92 - heat content VI (three parts)1592-93 - Richard III1592-94 - Titus Andronicus1593-94 - The Taming of the Shrew1593-94 - The Two Gentlemen of Verona1593-94 - "The Rape of Lucrece"1593-1600 - "Sonnets"1588-95 - Loves Labors Lost1594-96 - Romeo and Juliet1595 - Richard II1594-96 - A Midsummer Nights Dream1590-97 - King magic1592 - "Venus and Adonis"1596-97 - The Merchant of Venice1597 - Henry IV (Part I)1597-98 - Henry IV (Part II)1598-1600 - Much Ado About Nothing1598-99 - Henry V1599 - Jul ius Caesar1599-1600 - As You uniform It1600-02 - Twelfth Night1600-OI - Hamlet1597-1601 - The Merry Wives of Windsor1600-OI - "The Phoenix and the Turtle"160I-02 - Troilus and Cressida1602-04 - Alls Well That Ends Well1603-04 - Othello1604 - Measure for Measure1604-09 - Timon of Athens1605-06 - King Lear1605-06 - Macbeth1606-07 - Antony and Cleopatra1607-09 - Coriolanus1608-09 - Pericles1609-IO - Cymbeline16IO-II - The Winters Tale16II - The Tempest16I2-I3 - Henry VIII16I3 - The Two Noble KinsmenIn 1594, Shakespeare joined The Chamberlains Men, a theatrical company which enjoyed the patronage of the royal court.

Organization :: Free Essay Writer

OrganizationStructure The United States Navy is an enormous organization spanning the wide-cut globe. The chain of command covers everyone involved with the Navy from the President of United States all the way down to the eighteen-year old just checking into his first command. on that point are literally hundreds of different specialized jobs in the Navy all requiring different leadership styles and organization structures. Overall the entire United States Navy is based on a mechanistic organization with some variations throughout do to the wide variety of job fields. For instance my particular job field is one of the more technological fields in the Navy so we generally have some differences in organizational structure than that of the sailor painting the ship painted. I am currently working at the Fleet Area Control and Surveillance Facility (FACSFAC) located at Naval Air Station Jacksonville. FACSFAC as a whole is a mechanistic organization divided into two departm ents and several divisions providing basic functions ranging from things as complex as air traffic control to maintaining the cleanliness of the building. There is a Department Head over each department with several Division Officers reporting direct to them. The Department Head in turn reports directly to the commanding officer on all matters related to their individual departments. The air traffic control division is further divided into three sections of controllers that report directly to the Radar Branch Chief who reports to the Division Officer. Professionally the sections are managed in a boundary-less, team-based structure although militarily they are still run as a mechanistic organization. In some of the less technical divisions there is only a mechanistic organization. Although the Navy does not have a formal organizational network, its use of informal organizational networks are critical to its success. Many times during a military career the member will make friendships with other members in the same job field. As time goes on and the members transfer from one facility to other they are able to call on one another for solutions to problems they may come across. With the rise of the Internet these networks are being used in situations that in the past would have been impossible. There are basically quaternity major types of boundaries affecting businesses today, the authority boundary, task boundary, political boundary and the identity boundary.

Teen Health Clinics Cant Afford More Budget Cuts :: Medical Medicine Essays

teenager Health Clinics Cant Afford More Budget Cutsmissing works citedIt was 1971 and I was 16, verbalize Deborah, of Methuen, whod rather not use her last name as she talks about the time when she was a pregnant adolescent. I, of course, freaked out and didnt lack to tell my parents, especially my father. I had to, though. There was no way around it. There was no where else to go.In the 1970s, Massachusetts didnt have half the teen pregnancy clinics they have now. Teens didnt have a place to turn to if home wasnt an option. Teen pregnancy was the last thing that communities were concerned with. fit to Deborah, pregnant was a word you just didnt say back then unless you were married. There were all kinds of negative connotations attached to it if you were unwed. People assumed you were promiscuous, immoral, a drop-out, etc. No one saw it as an accident that could happen to anyone, said Deborah.Deborah was living in Lawrence and attending hairdressing school when she first got pr egnant. She was comfort living at home with her parents and younger sister, but far from financially stable, as any teen mother would be.I went on welfare subsequently my baby was born and lived at home for about a year, said Deborah, while I worked on getting my G.E.D.As far as pass judgment her pregnancy goes, her own aunt and uncle disowned her. I felt a lot of guilt from people. I got a lot of stares, comments. It was very uncomfortable, said Deborah. Youd look at that at 48 years old Id be comfortable with it, but feeling that way stays with you.Teen pregnancy in Massachusetts has changed quite a bit since the 1970s, not only in numbers, but in the way society responds to it. According to The National Campaign for Teen Pregnancy, the rate is the lowest its been in three decades, 25.8 per 1,000 females, down nearly 20 percent from 1970. Some say that the ever decreasing rate is congenator to how teens are now more aware than ever of what being a teenage mother really entail s.Massachusetts now has one of the lowest teen pregnancy rates in the country, said Erin Rowland, communications manager at Planned Parenthood in Boston, adding Comprehensive sex education is a spoilt part of that.Planned Parenthood is one of many organizations now in Massachusetts working towards educating teens about sex and all its repercussions.

Glass Menagerie :: essays research papers

The Glass MenagerieThe Glass Menagerie, written in 1945 by Tennessee Williams, remains today as a great literary masterpiece. Williams gave unimaginable abstruseness and uniqueness to each of his characters. Even though the play was written in the mid-forties it is timeless, in that the problems and troubles of the characters can be related to life today, more than 50 years later. The Glass Menagerie is a great play with a central theme of escape and many symbols to support this theme. In the following I will give a brief summary and discuss the theme.The Glass Menagerie begins with tomcat introducing the play as a memory, his own memory of the past. At the start of the play the Wingfield family is eating dinner, after constant harassment on how to eat his food Tom leaves the table to go smoke a fundament on the fire escape. Amanda tells Laura her story of the old days when she received seventeen gentlemen callers in one(a) day. The next day Amanda finds out that Laura has dropp ed out of business school, and confronts her, Laura explains that she could non handle the class and has been out walking every day. Amanda sits down with Laura and asks if &8220she ever liked a boy?, Laura points to a picture in her yearbook. Later that evening Amanda and Tom argue, she does not understand why Tom goes to the movies every night. Tom states that he hates urinateing for the family as he has been doing and leaves for the movies. He returns late that night drunk and after losing his key Laura opens the door for him. Tom tells her about the movie and of the magic show he had seen, giving her a scarf from the show.The next morning Amanda wakes Tom for work and asks him to bring home a gentlemen caller for Laura. Tom came home from work and announced that he had invited Jim Oconnor to dinner the next day. When Jim comes for dinner Laura recognizes him as the one she pointed out in the yearbook. Laura becomes sick and must excuse herself from the dinner table. After dinn er Amanda tells Jim to keep Laura company in the parlor, at first Laura is scared barely loosens up after some conversation. Jim ends up kissing Laura and regretting it after he announces that he is engaged. Amanda becomes angry with Tom for not telling of the engagement, Tom insists he did not know.

Glass Menagerie :: essays research papers

The Glass menagerieThe Glass Menagerie, written in 1945 by Tennessee Williams, stay today as a gr play out literary masterpiece. Williams gave unimaginable depth and uniqueness to each of his characters. Even though the play was written in the mid-forties it is timeless, in that the problems and troubles of the characters can be related to life today, more than 50 years later. The Glass Menagerie is a great play with a central theme of escape and many symbols to support this theme. In the following I will give a brief summary and discuss the theme.The Glass Menagerie begins with Tom introducing the play as a memory, his own memory of the past. At the start of the play the Wingfield family is eating dinner, after constant harassment on how to eat his food Tom leaves the table to go smoke a cigarette on the fire escape. Amanda tells Laura her story of the old days when she received seventeen gentlemen callers in one day. The next day Amanda finds out that Laura has dropped out of business school, and confronts her, Laura explains that she could not handle the class and has been out walking every day. Amanda sits down with Laura and asks if &8220she ever wish a boy?, Laura points to a picture in her yearbook. Later that evening Amanda and Tom argue, she does not understand why Tom goes to the movies every night. Tom states that he hates on the job(p) for the family as he has been doing and leaves for the movies. He returns late that night drunk and after losing his key Laura opens the door for him. Tom tells her about the movie and of the magic show he had seen, giving her a scarf from the show.The next morning Amanda wakes Tom for work and asks him to bring home a gentlemen caller for Laura. Tom came home from work and inform that he had invited Jim Oconnor to dinner the next day. When Jim comes for dinner Laura recognizes him as the one she pointed out in the yearbook. Laura becomes sick and must excuse herself from the dinner table. After dinner Amanda t ells Jim to keep Laura company in the parlor, at first Laura is scared but loosens up after some conversation. Jim ends up kissing Laura and regretting it after he announces that he is engaged. Amanda becomes angry with Tom for not telling of the engagement, Tom insists he did not know.

Article Summary Essay

Upon reading the article there was a strong emphasis on the interaction from within the virtual schoolroom and the discourse that the scholarly persons had developed with the instructor and other students in the classroom. Due to the flexibility that the online classroom offers many race are signing up. In the past many people preferred the classroom setting, because it gave him or her, the capability of having interaction amongst peers. However since this has turned into a text, and email world many people have chosen to go to college online. The number one method of conversation used to be either in person or on the phone, now it is through text means and by email. The online classes do require participation and the way that participation is graded is by the involvement that the student makes with his or he peers.While online course enrolments cover up to climb, retention and success rates in such courses and programs are frequently reported as typically lower than those deli vered in a traditional classroom format those of us in roles that support online students have a role in reversing that trend (Schreck, 2006).Online classes take much dedication, and a structure of independence. Life in general can be busy and full of circumstances. It takes a person who can independently work on his or her own, and have a inclination to complete task and finish the course facilitator participation When instructors interact with students during online classes, the students tend to participate more.Just knowing that even if there is not a teacher that is standing over you insuring that assignments are done, or that you are participating in group discussions or activities, initiates interaction. According to the text the students online posts, online quizzes, and seeks were analyzed victimization ATLAS software (Nagel, Blignaut & Cronje, 2007).Since the virtual classroom does not have the capability of someone directly standing over a student, a strategic design h ad to be developed in order to make sure the students were participating in daily classroom activities, as well as a test of his or her knowledge todemonstrate that the student was actually obtaining and learning the information that has been taught. Through the discussion forum the teacher is able to analyze if the student is on the correct track, or if explanation needs to be given on a particular subject. Students have to have the desire to learn, as well as the desire to accomplish an online class. However the student must be dedicated to logging in, participating in the classroom discussions, and interacting with his or her peers and instructor.ReferencesNagel, L., Blignaut, A.S., Cronje, J.C. (2007). Read-only participants a case for student communication in online classes. Interactive Learning Environment, Vol17, 37-51.Retrieved December 10, 2012. Schreck, V. (2006). It takes a virtual village Practical strategies for improving online learning Retention Rate. Retrieved Decemb er 10, 2012, from www.innovativeeducators.org/product_p /38.htm.

Events Planning and Management Essay

What is an EventSpecial or spectacular occasions where people gather together for a suggest whether they be to celeb rove, educate, rank up or commemorate. They argon non the usual and ordinary moveivities that one engages in as part of his daily life Who is an Event PlannerAn character planner is, kind of simply somebody who organizes emergences. He is the person behind the scenes who gets the job done and introduce sure everything is done and done flawlessly to ensure fortunate scaffolding of the event.He must be well versed and trained on the communication and organization aspects and requirements of the job. Event planners usu entirelyy get their start doing, supplying or providing services in one or two particular aspect of an peculiar(a) events such as catering, floral arranging, entertaining and talent agents eg earlier they try to plan entire events. Or they may also cook started cooking and coordinating events for companies they were employed with before decidi ng to go into the business for themselvesSince events may metamorphose in size, scope and complexity, it may require an event planner to do totally number of different task but all with the end matter of achieving a successful event Categories of EventsSocial Events- more on a local level, attendees are usually link up and/or know each other on a more personal level. Care and caution must be taken as the event planner may find himself in the combat of a family event , as emotions often run high on these special occasions. feign sure everyone knows their occasion and exactly whats brooked of them. careen of common social eventsweddings, reunions, housewarming/blessings/ pass parties and dinners/birth daylight parties/ step or bat mitzvahs/baby showers/anniversary parties/bridal showers/stag parties, et al. Corporate Events- the term corporate implys not only companies but also charities and nonprofit organizations. Charities and nonprofit organizations legions gala fund raisers, receptions and athletic competitions, among other events, to expand their public support base and raise funds. Companies host trade shows, conventions, company outings, holiday parties and meetings for their employees, stave, board members and stock holders.Some types of corporate events Annual shareholder meetings, board meetings, client appreciation events, company socials (such as holiday parties, intramurals and sports events, company outings), groundbreaking ceremonies, incentive travel, open houses, new product launch, press briefings, staff training, union events/meetings et al Industry Events Industry events today are advanced(a) personal matters designed to inform, influence and form consensus on a specific issue or common topic. Industry specific events includeConventions, association meetings, conferences, exertion tradeshows, public exhibitions(bridal fairs, auto shows, home shows), symposiums et al Special Events The term special events canful describe a broad range of affairs which are big, depicted object or local in scope such as major sporting events (palarong pambansa), major public events (EDSA Day celebration), major cultural and religious affairs ( Baguio may ascender festival, dinagyang, ati-atihan, sinulog festival), However special events may also be very overmuch smaller, specific and more mysterious in scope. List of special events include the followersAward events, book launching, signing/author reading, CD release parties, charity fund raisers, childrens festival, cultural celebrations, fashion shows, holiday special events, inauguration ball, medicine festival, parades, political forums or debates, restaurant openings, sporting event-car races, store grand openings STEPS IN EVENTS PLANNING 1. Client Consultation Whether you have your own event supply business or field of study full time planning events for one company you will work with clients. As a corporate events planner your interior(a) clients will be other departments (HRD, Marketing, Operations etc). on the other script if you aredoing events planning independently you will be dealing with company representatives or in some cases the company officials themselves. In each case consultation will be of primary importance as these will determine the direction, objective and design and vision of the event. At the initial meeting do more listening than talking, pay careful attention to everything the client says, make notes or show up the meeting(with clients per agency), bring an assistant to make notes for you. When its your turn, ask the client to describe their vision for the event. Then from broad ideas, you will refine the vision as you move by theplanning process. Questions such as those below will help the events planner to begin to visualize the event and serve as the foundation for all the work to coiffe. Things to discus with the client What kind of event do you want What do you hope to accomplish When is the event t o be held Who are expected to attend What is the reckon At the end of the consultation you should have a clear picture of what your client envisions for their event and be able to form a clear, concise mission statement or objective. Other things to discus who will be involved in the planning process, who will be the key decisionmakers, and how information should flow during the planning stage. This is precisely to anticipate and eliminate possible roadblocks as you can before you reach them since as the events planner it is your responsibility to take charge of planning. after(prenominal) the initial meeting and while it is still fresh on the mind of both parties (planner and client) summarize the discussion in writing and send a reproduction to the client if possible on the same day or soon after. 2. Set Objectives The best and most successful events have a clear purpose or objective. Event planners can avail of the SMART method for compass strategic objectivesSpecific- What is the specific result of you event Measurable- Outcome should be measurable accurately Attainable- Given the existing budget and resources and constraint, is the objective attainable Relevant- Do the people involved have the authority, the skill and the resources needed to meet the objective? Is the objective of the essence(p) to the organization or individual? Time- Based- Is there a start and end point to the objective? Setting smart objectives will not only make the planning easier but will help measure the success of the event and create a positive experience for all involved. 3. Choose a discover and a LocationAt this planning stage, preferred get word should be decided upon. Client will often but not always come with a date in mind for the event. If they dont, it will be your job to help pick a suitable date. But whether you do the setting of the date or not you need to consider the following before choosing the date or accepting the client. Things to consider when choosin g a date Consider your availableness Consider other events in the area Consider the season and usual weather in the chosen location Consider your suppliers Consider other related events Consider other holidays Consider your time needs 4. Decide Who to InviteYour client needs to give you an idea of who they want to attend their event before you can begin to formulate a plan to attract the stain audience or plan activities. The following data or information are required (depending on the type of event) How many people are to be invited Will spouses or children also attend Demographics of the target audience (eg. Gender, median age, ethnic background, income bracket) Common or shared interest What payback does the client expect Where are the attendees coming from (travel arrangement, customs and traditions) 5. Create Your Theme The most memorable events have a cohesivetheme that runs through-out, from initial publicity to printed invitations to decor and right through to the entertai nment and final applause. One of the biggest advantages of a strong theme is its public utility company in helping you make decisions throughout the event process. Once a theme has been decided on, print materials such as invitations, banners, place cards, brochures, advertising and websites can be designed. Where to get ideas for a great theme Brainstorm Events Industry Current Events and Trends Adding a Musical Touch 6. Set the Event Agenda by and by the date, guest list, the theme and setting ofthe smart objectives , its time to set the agenda for the event. Whether its a simple house blessing or a three day corporate event, its important to layout the entire schedule. Include adequate time for arrival, socializing, speeches, awards/games, food, etc. Visualize the event and run through the entire program from start to finish. Make notes of all you might need such as materials, services, special arrangements, eg. Create a list of vendors and suppliers to contact and task to be do ne. GETTING ORGANIZED As an event planner, you will need a variety of organizational tools that will help you keep trackof all the many details involved in organizing the event and ensuring an orderly and systematic execution of plans aimed towards making the event successful 1. Establish an Event Committee Although it is a given that you will do all the planning and planning of the event yourself, in most cases, you will work with a group of people who are expected to make the event successful Choose a select group of key people to form an Events Committee Assign specific task to each committee member repair committee meeting Document everything 2. Create a Timeline Schedule Base your timeline on factors such asThe size of the event The location The time of course The number of people involved in the planning Develop an outline of specific tasks, deadlines and responsibilities 3. Adding Detail As you start dieing your checklist, add as much detail as possible for each item. For e xample under the Assigned tasks for day of event list the specific task that needs to be delegate such driving to airport pick up, supervising set up, leading briefing sessions with speakers, seating, greeting, supervising set up of luncheon, etc. Once you have develop the checklist, assign target dates to each item, It is a better idea to workbackwards from your event date 4. Critical Path ( Assignment of Task) A unfavourable path lists each of the tasks that needs to be accomplished who is responsible for it and the deadline by which it will be done. It is used as a guide map for the event to assist when delegating responsibilities and show whether you are on track. 5. reckons Creating a budget is an important ingredient in a successful event. Once you have created a timeline schedule and critical path, you can come up with a list of estimated expenses such as venue rental, food, transportation, accommodations, audio-visual equipment, printed materials and gifts.Get price quot ations from your suppliers to find out how much a particular item be You will also need to include your own fee and corporate clients may want to include any staff time they spend on the event as an expense. When planning a budget, include your potential revenue to offset the cost. For example, is the event a fundraiser? Is it a conference or convention that should aim to cover its own expenses? Attendance fees, sales of related materials, donations, ticket sales and sponsorships can all be good ways to raise revenues. After the event you should compare actual expenses and revenues to your budgeted amounts.This will help you determine if your objectives were met and it may assist in budgeting for future events. PREPARATION cartridge clip FOR VARIOUS EVENTS TIMELINE SCHEDULE EVENT TYPE Recommended Preparation Time Wedding 3-6 months Parties (birthdays/anniversaries/debut) 1-3 months Seminars/Meetings 1-3 months Conference / Convention municipal International 6months 1year 1-2ye ars Organized Tours / Field Trips 1-3 months Concerts 6months and above Festivals 6month-1year Exhibitions / Expositions Domestic International 6months-1year 1-2years Sales Bazaar (tiange, night market) 6months Competition / Contests6months-1year Sport Festivals 6months-1year SAMPLE TIME ALLOCATION (More Than A Year Pre-planning Activity) Activity Period Announcement date & location 52weeks before the event First press date 24-36weeks Publication 24th week Mailing of brochures 14-18th week Mailing of 2nd reminder fourteenth week Mailing of final reminder 8-12th week Mailing of final program 2-6 weeks Sample Budget Groundbreaking Ceremony Estimated Expenses Groundbreaking Site collapsible shelter 1,200. 00 Chairs600. 00 Banner600. 00 Podium consecrate150. 00 Lights150. 00 Flowers600. 00 Shovels200. 00 Subtotal 3, 500. 00 Luncheon Expenses Lunch 12,000. 00 rental of Civic Center 1,500. 00 Floral centerpieces600. 00 Gifts for dignitaries (6plaques) 2,000. 00 Gifts for guests (60 mi ni shovels) 1,600. 00 Information kit folders 1,500. 00 Printing of Fact Sheet 650. 00 Podium Sign 150. 00 Subtotal20, 000. 00 Other Expenses Services of Event Planner 10,000. 00 Long distance / Phone300. 00 Printing of Invitations 1,200. 00 Courier charges for invitations500. 00 Delivery of boxes to site500. 00 Photographer800. 00 Sound system 1,500. 00 Event Planners transportation600. 00 bloodal of van/minibus 2,500. 00 News release 1,000. 00 Subtotal18,900 . 00 TOTAL ESTIMATED EXPENSES42, 400.00 (taxes not included) Event proviso Budget Form EXPENSES Estimated Actual Site Venue or tent rental______________________ Tables and chairs______________________ Meals and beverages ______________________ Tableware rental______________________ Staging______________________ audiovisual aid equipment______________________ Decorations______________________ Flowers______________________ Other ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ _________ ___________________________________ ____________________________________________ Program Musicians______________________Speakers______________________ Celebrities______________________ Entertainers______________________ Gifts______________________ Award______________________ Activities (e. g. golf)______________________ Other ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Event Planning Budget Form (continued) EXPENSES Estimated Actual Printing and Promotion Printing invitations______________________ Mailing invitations______________________ Banners and signs ______________________ Printing tickets______________________ Event programs______________________ figure of speech tags______________________Shipping materials to venue______________________ Advertising______________________ Distribution of news release______________________ Media kits______________________ Long distance telephone______________________ Other _________________________ ___________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Personnel Event Planner______________________ Staff salaries and benefits______________________ Registration______________________ Photographer______________________ Bartenders______________________ Security staff______________________Set-up and tear down______________________ Other ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Event Planning Budget Form (continued) EXPENSES Estimated Actual Travel Airline tickets______________________ Hotel rooms______________________ Ground transportation ______________________ Other ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Oth er ExpensesRegistration fees______________________ Ticket sales______________________ Sponsorships______________________ Advertising in event program______________________ Other ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ revenue Estimated Actual Registration fees______________________ Ticket sales______________________ Donations______________________ Sponsorships______________________ Advertising in event program ______________________ Other ____________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ tollING OF A BIRTHDAY EVENT Profile No. of Persons 50 Time 7pm-12mn (5hours) Site Function Rooms 3 Globe Telecom Plaza AT COST 1. Venue a. Function room rate 2,300. 00 b. electricity for 5hours.. 500. 00 c. Parking for ingress and egress 100. 00 d. Move-in (refundable). 1,500. 00 4,400. 00 2. Decor a. Balloons and Arra ngement.. 2,500. 00 (free 50balloons/arched shape/2tower) b. Flowers and Arrangement 1,250. 00 (centerpiece for guests tables & buffet table)3,750. 00 3. Invitations & Giveawaysa. Invitations (P25. 00 x 50).. 1,250. 00 b. Angels (70 pcs at P23. 00 each). 1,610. 00 2,860. 00 4. Tables and Chairs a. Rent for 6rounds tables 270. 00 (for 8persons at 45. 00 each table) b. Rent of chairs (5. 00 x 50). 250. 00 c. Rent of buffet table (100. 00 x 5). 500. 00 d. Table Napkin (5. 00 x 50). 250. 00 e. Chair cover with ribbon (15. 00 x 50) . 750. 00 2,020. 00 5. sound recording Equipment a. Rental.. 5,000. 00 5,000. 00 6. viands (2 appetizers/ 5 courses / 2desserts/ bottomless drinks-tea/ softdrinks) a.Cost Breakdown 250. 00 rate per person 25. 00 10% service fee 275. 00 x 50 persons 13,750. 00 13,750. 00 TOTAL 31,780. 00 YOUR COSTS CHECKLIST TYPE OF COST Details Examples FIXED COST Projection Screens, Video projectors, slide projector/OHP, video players(back-up player), p reappraisal monitor, LCD for Power point presentation, laser pointer, lectern monitors Sound Speakers, lectern microphones, tie-microphones, CD player, talkback system, mixer cabling, adaptors, music copyright or creation fees Speaker support bod, image production, print proofs, handwriting, speaker training, rehearsals StagingDesign lecterns, backdrop, steps, dais, furnishings, graphics, carpeting, seating area, special construction, drop banners, room decorations, floor plan, revised lay-outs. Lighting Design, equipment hire, installation, crew, freight and transportation, rigging and de-rigging costs Crew/Staff Get-in crew, on-site crew, De-rigging crew, transportation per diems (allowance for sustenance) for each member, show caller, script assistant, live video crew, lighting director, sound technician, vision technician Fees and Insurance Procedures fee, Project fee, contingency for administration cost, equipment insurance Invitations processCost of advertising, posters, and follow-up activity , flyers, direct mail costs Function Rooms and Contracts VARIABLE COSTS Banqueting Food and Beverages Accommodation Types of accommodations and, inclusions Travel Types of transportations and inclusions Fees Porterage fees, gratuity fees, parking fees, service charges Decors/Giveaways Flowers, candles, memento items Insurance Surety bonds, cash bonds, personal accident insurance, travel insurance CONTIGENCY COSTS Contingency for direct costs Contingency for currency fluctuations Peso-dollar exchange rate TYPE OF COST DESCRIPTION LIKELY PERCENTAGE F I X E D C O S T SProduction, staging & outside speakers Invitation process, marketing, design Venue Agency fees Signage Security, car parking set-up Cabaret, entertainment Registration costs Utilities (telephone, faxes, e-mail) We weather back-up 35% Production Costs could be as much as 25% of direct costs V A R I A B L E C O S T S Meals, breaks Beverages Accommodation Travel Delegate print Table/room gifts Porterage, car parking per per son Late bar drinks Insurance, purchase tax Gratuity Fees 50% CONTINGENCY 10% to cover all contingencies for direct costs Allowance for currency movements (for abroad) 15% TOTAL cipher 100% 6. Crisis and Back Up PlanningDisasters and crises can range from relatively small (the guest of honors plane is delayed due to heavy(p) weather) to huge and seemingly insurmountable, like the heavy rains and flooding that tropical storm Ondoy brought in Sept. 2009 . A good event planner will be able to think on his or her feet for the small stuff, and have a solid crisis plan in place for dealing with the biggies. You cant possibly expect to plan for every type of crisis, but a little advance planning will go along way to ensure that you can treat whatever comes your way. a. Maintenance Emergencies If your event takes place in hotel or conventionfacility you should discuss emergency plans with the Director of Sales and Maintenance Engineer. They should provide you with a contact at the site w ho will take care of any emergency or maintenance issues. If your event is being held in a private hall, find out who in their organization is responsible for facility maintenance and ask for someone to be available during your event. In your contact list, keep metrical composition of 24-hour locksmiths, plumbers and electricians. b. Medical Emergencies When planning a large outdoor festival or sporting event, it is advisable to have first aid personnel on hand for emergencies.Festival-goers may suffer from heat stroke (or hypothermia in a refrigerated location), minor or major cuts, sunburn or food poisoning. Its a good idea to include in your rental items a tent that can be used to shelter people fro the sun or cold while receiving treatment for minor injuries. Discuss option and get advice from your local ambulance volunteer force or contracted service providers. Be sure to include the local hospital, emergency line and non-emergency police number in your list of contacts. Orga nizing the Team for the Event Most events are nonionized through good squad (2 or more persons working together) work.It is important that when tasks are allocated within a police squad the strengths of its members are put to good use. For example, it is no good asking someone to be the secretary who is has little skills in oral communications. The following are the roles that can be adopted in any event Coordinator Secretary financial officer Marketing/Promotion **The Number in the Team and their responsibilities will vary according to the scale of the event. It is important that all police squad members fully understand what their jobs involve and are aware of all the schedules and deadlines that have been agreed. It is much better to have someone in your team who isreliable rather than a prima donna who promises everything and delivers nothing. Planning Contributions to A Team Event Most events are not the result of one persons work alone. Events are made through the accom modative efforts of a group of people or a team who are working for the same general objective to achieve a successful event. at bottom this team there will be a number of weakness in their areas of work. These skills, strengths and weaknesses should considered carefully when the various jobs within the team are allocated. Each team member will plan their own contribution to the event to be staged. The following detailshave to be considered How ones role in an event can support anothers and can support the objectives of the event How by adopting certain methods the resources available can be used to their upper limit benefit What a person should do when something happens and their role does not go to plan Problems that may occur and how they could be handled effectively to try to reduce their move on the event How staff and customers can be informed promptly and clearly of any changes which may affect them General guidelines for undertaking a role in an event Roles and Responsibi lities of the Team The Coordinator (Chairperson)Overseas the Event Liaising with other members of the team Ensures that deadlines are met Raises any problems that may be occurring and finding solutions Chairs meetings of the event committee Ensures that everyone has a fair share of time to raise issues. Voice opinions etc. at meeting discuss issues Makes sure that the agenda for the meeting is covered Resolves any disagreements in the team regarding issues concerning the event through voting The Administrator Deals with correspondence, letters and other forms of communications Produces minutes of committee meetings Assist other members of the team with administratorThe fiscal Controller (Treasurer) Overseas all financial transactions Records financial transactions Holds the cheque book Sets-up a secure system using money available Produces income/expenditure accounts with receipts and others clearly documented Designs procedures for the secure holding of income before, during and af ter the event Ensures that the event meets the budget set The Publicity Officer Promotes the event Organizes promotional materials (ads, leaf- lets, brochures, flyers, etc) according to the scale of the event Liaising with outside agencies (eg. Local newspaper companies, radio/TV stations, etc.) Organizes press coverage of the event The Facility Officer Finds and organizes the venue Organizes special tools and equipment needed in the event such as lighting fixtures, sound system etc Arranges for security Arranges for parking Arranges toilet facilities and waste disposal **though each team member has his own set of res- ponsibilities, it is imperative that he communicate effectively with the others so that problems (should they arise) can be highlighted and dealt with as effectively as possible. After the Team has been organized, the following details will now be covered Reason/s for holding the eventObjectives to be attained Your target beneficiaries/market Period to hold the event Identifying the best site to hold the event The cost of the event including budget allocation The selling price of the event (per person/ per total package cost) The financial goal of the event To raise money To make a profit To cover costs of the event A time-scale of how different tasks to be planned and implemented The need for good team effort, sticking to budgets and using resources available to their best advantages Efficient uses of communications between members powerful publicity Contingency plans Strategy for dealing with customersA good working environment friendly, support, etc Feedback to all contributions on the outcome of the event 3 PHASES OF EVENT direction 1. PreEvent Phase (Preparation of Materials) Organization of the Team Venue/Site Selection Food Requirements Equipments & Tools Preparation of Materials Decors/Artwork Communications & Proposal Promotions Schedule of Activities (Program) Costing and Design 2. Actual Event Phase (Implementation & Administrative Stage) Production of Materials Needed for the Event Promotions Rehearsal/ Final Briefing Decorations Registration The Output Security Participants Evaluation 3. Post Event Phase(Disposal Stage) Egress Evaluation Profitability of the Event Building your Budget Defining the budget is the first major dispute an event organizer faces as eh plans the event. An experienced organizer will know whether the budget is sufficient to do the job to the standard expected. Depending on the event you are organizing, compile a checklist of all costs that will be incurred in making the event happen. Classify costs accordingly Fixed Costs protean Costs Contingency Budget CO-PRENEURS OF AN EVENT ORGANIZER 1. Hotels and Other lodging Facilities 2. Travel Agents/Consultants 3. Caterers/ Food Establishment4. Airline Companies and Other modes of Transportation 5. Artist 6. Audio/ Visuals Consultants 7. Other events specialist (wedding planner/meeting Planner/tour planner) 8. Entertainers/Talents 9. Prof essionals and consultants, EVALUATING THE EVENT Evaluation of any event is concerned with the feedback from the event not just from those who organized or staffed the event but from anyone who played a part in it. This could include Staff Organizers Clients/Visitors Volunteers Sponsors Officials And other co-preneurs of the event planner When an event is planned the purpose of the event is clearly defined.It is against this that the event should be evaluated. Evaluation does not just take place at the end of an event. It is an ongoing process which occurs throughout the event. During the planning stage everything to do with the event is monitored and if any problems appear, adjustments have to be made. It is through this process that the event is finally stage and organized to meet the objectives of the event. **The opportunity to review and evaluate the event is important as a learning exercise. If the event is to be stage again in the future it is an invaluable help as the thing that went well can be repeated and those thingsthat were not too successful can be changed next time. GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR EVENTS BE PREPARED. As the guide motto says Good preparation is the foundation for a good event. If the team as a whole are well prepared this will set the tone for the event. BE CLEAR ABOUT YOUR OBJECTIVES. Make sure that the all team fully understand what is to be achieved by the staging of this event. If all team members are will informed, everyone will be working towards the same goal. WORKS AS A TEAM. Any good team builds on the strength of its members and is confirming and helpful to each other. To operate effectively the team shouldmeet on a regular basis and be able to communicate with each other with relative and be able to communicate with each other with relative ease. A good team has a good team leader at its front. This team leader should be a good motivator who can generate enthusiasm and perseverance. REMEMBER CUSTOMER CARE. A smile of welcome costs nothing and will affect the way visitors feel about the event. Remember, even if your stand/ job in the event isnt very busy do not sir around looking bored and uninterested this is sure to put potential clients off. Try to be alert, ready for action and enthusiastic at all times.If clients enjoy the event they will come back and tell their friends. BE RECOGNIZABLE. More and more teams in organizations are adopting their own uniforms. These help the visitors as it makes the staff immediately recognizable from the clients. When you stage an event you should consider adopting a uniform for all the staff involved in the event. This does not have to be confused or expensive . For example, the team may decide to wear black trousers and a white T-shirt. These are items of clothing that most people have in their wardrobes. Plain colored T-shirts are relatively inexpensive to purchase. You may have the name ofyour event on the front, or local screen printer would do this at a small cost. This creates a good image for the visitors of the event and is something the rest of the team can keep to remind them of the event in the future. play along TO SCHEDULES. Reliability, both within the team and within the event itself, sis important. The team should make sure the all deadlines are met if it is at all possible to do so. Punctuality should be important for all team meetings etc. If someone is always late for a meeting it is unsurprising that other team members act on their knowledge and turn up, not at the start time of befo

Brownie Baker: Case Analysis

sensation of the ways The Brownie baker accomplishes this effort is through its use of crop packaging and design. However, based on the go withs overall cognitive operation history and strategic stage personal line of credit maneuvers, low- terms leadership is what truly Is In motion. The Brownie bread maker relies heavily on achieving maximum value through its products. One of the many ways that this is achieved is through product quality control. The Brownie baker has placed a lot of effort into making sure higher target ingredients are implemented into the end product of their food products. other way that I live quality and value are achieved is through the strict guidelines followed to assure product zippyness. Customers demote exceptional value In The Brownie bakers products not only for the amount of product they receive for their dollar, but also the consistency of a delicious fresh product. The Brownie Baker company has consistently made changes over the years t o drive down costs while maintaining product quality. From changes to its production processes to the establishment of third-party business partnerships, The Brownie Baker has strives for efficiency to promote a sustainable and profitable business. Referring to the list of operations strategies in the Powering booklet, which does The Brownie Baker use? Please key out examples from the case to support each strategy that you mention. There are a multitude of operational decisions that a business must utilize Its operational focal point strategy. The Brownie Baker clearly uses the low-cost leadership business format in its day to day business processes. For example, The Brownie Baker has been very critical with the distribution points for its products.The company has identified its target markets and the consumer types for effective reduce placement that have proven successful. The company Initially defined Its Because The Brownie Baker has well-kept its value and quality over the ye ars, management has realized further market potential to expand its reach into the super market industry. To accomplish this task the company has had to also maintain cost production to keep pricing competitive. The Brownie Baker has partnered with a multitude of third-party resources to ensure efficiency, product development and maintenance of external costs.Another way that The Brownie Baker has practiced the low-cost leadership strategy is n the internal production of its products. The company has found a number of methods to complicate the production process and lower overhead expenditures with inventory control. For instance, the company used to produce food products for future sales but now has shifted too production by order process. This strategy has lowered production costs through better inventory management and reduced the likelihood of overproduction and waste. . Referring to the Powering slide which shows various(a) patterns that can be found in historical hire, whi ch can be observed at the Brownie Baker? How can you tell? The Brownie Baker has experienced steady growth volume in sales over the years by paying close attention to commodity price fluctuations and adapting its business strategies appropriately. Historically the company has embraced a steady stream of demand from the consumer market with only a slight deviation normally seen in the month of January.Management has ejaculate to see this slight differentiation of the norm possibly due to lack of consumer expendable income and dieting after the holidays. This pattern in the normal trend of demand behavior would be considered an irregular variation. 4. What changes have been made in production scheduling and inventory management? Why have these changes been important? The Brownie Baker has taken advantage of several new technologies and techniques to enhance product consistency and productivity over the recent years.Some of the most critical strategies the company has revamped are in p roduction scheduling and inventory management. The company began this restructure in scheduling by increasing employees and modifying work hours to optimize production output and cleaning maintenance. Another significant change the company took was to reduce the overproduction of its rodents. Since The Brownie Bakers food products have a 21-day shelf life they had to remain rimy in stock until shipment. The company was lumping orders together and baking goods for future distribution this was keeping money tied up while products waited to be shipped.Instead, the company now prepares its shipments and freeing assets frozen in inventory and storage costs. Finally, I call back another important change to The Brownie Bakers production process was the implementation of cross-training its employees in product production. At one point the company had 10 to 20 workers that were trained to reduce one type of product. Having this new strategy in place has increased the tractableness needed for shorter production runs and increased overall efficiency. 5.How are changes made to deal with increasing commodity prices also link to sustainability issues? (Cite three examples of changes AND how each change is related to sustainability. ) There are several measures The Brownie Baker has taken through use of low-cost leadership operational decisions to sustain itself successfully over the years. In an ever-changing external environment with some changes that are predictable and there unforeseen, a company has to consistently forecast, prepare, innovate and refine its processes.One way that The Brownie Baker has found sustainability in the volatility of commodity prices was the establishment of Third-party partnerships with other companies to offset transportation costs due to the increase in fuel prices. The Brownie Baker has also implemented newer technologies, utilizing newer servers, computer hardware and financial software to provide them vital reports on costs. To have this current computer technology at condition is crucial in todays business market and environment. These systems provide management the tools accessory to monitor and optimize purchases for necessary commodities in real time.Having the ability to research cost data provides sustainability through purchase cost savings potential. Current technology and powerful software offers the company better flexibility, efficiency and purchasing effectiveness. Lastly, I believe a key element that The Brownie Baker has carefully managed is the accuracy and timeliness of its product pricing. The company has been able to sustain itself by properly adjusting its product pricing to remain not only competitive but also offset increases in commodity costs and other economic factors.

Gwen Harwood Relationships Throughout Poems Essay

Gwen Harwoods poetry endures to engage readers through its poetic intervention of loss and consolation. Gwen Harwoods seemingly ironic simultaneous examination of the personal and the universal is regarded as holding sufficient textual integrity that it has come to h all over with a broad audience and a number of critical perspectives. This is clearly evident within her poems At Mornington and A Valediction, these specific texts have a main focus on motif that once innocence is lost it cannot be reclaimed, and it is that through appreciating the value of what we have lost that we can let comfort and achieve growth. Gwen Harwoods poetry explores the reality of gentle existence, utilising a number of personal jockeys in order to impart meaning onto the responders.The poems, At Mornington and A Valediction, explore countless thematic concerns including the loss of childhood innocence, comprehending mortality and maturation of individuals. Utilising a regular variation of tense, b etween ult and present, and her own personal relationships with others, Harwoods poetry provokes an appreciation of the past, and reinforce themes, which highlights their universal significance. Within the beginning of the poem At Mornington, Harwood explores a childhood memory, at the seas edge, in order to highlight her apparent childhood strength in her nave belief that she could defy nature by walking on water/its only a matter of balance, only to be saved by her father.This nativity is reinforced in the parable of the pumpkin, which grew upwards in sprightly defiance of nature. The biblical allusion with the attempt to walk on water reinforces the art faith and innocence of the child which is contrasted to the personas self-awareness and acceptance of her own mortality, at the clip of life, when our bones begin to wear. This childhood recollection can be deemed as the commencement of her acceptance of death however it is only upon self-reflection on this experience as an ad ult that the persona can come to a complete acceptance of her own mortality, as portrayed in the simile the peace of this day will shine/like the light on the face of the waters. Similarly encompassing this experience is night owl, in which the child persona is blind to the nature of death, regarding herself wisp-haired judgethe master of life and death. Gwen Harwoods poetry is steeped in romantic traditions and is underpinned by humanist concerns.Throughout Harwoods poetry in that respect is a continuing theme where human existence ischaracterised by loss and consolation. Like At Mornington, A Valediction explores the importance of the balance between bodily and spiritual love. Harwood explores the nature of both form of love and how each is needed to develop ultimate love. Harwood suggests that poetry can offer comfort and deepen the human understanding of life and love. This is portrayed through the use of sarcasm, rhetorical questions, direct speech, allusions, metaphors and i magery. This poem presents the basis on which the sorrow of physical separation can be transformed into joy this is evident within my lover will come again to me, my body to its true end will give him joy and depicts the accented tone and confidence in which her husband will return and is presented through future tense. This reflects on the interrelation between flesh and spirit in love and the necessary mix of the spiritual if love is to survive physical separation. Harwoods A Valediction raises the idea that as humans we change and develop over time with a new sense of maturity and contentment with life. In this poem Harwood speaks about a farewell as she alludes to past poem by John Donne.However, she moves from a literal experience and memory to pensive reflection in order to create a contrast between the younger and one-time(a) character. This is used by writing about movement from the past to the present and including its effect on the future. The varies of tense further hig hlights the changes over time as she focuses on the dualities of self and the universal emotions.In my thoughts, Harwoods poetry engages readers through its poetic treatment of loss and consolation end-to-end relationships as well as its exploration of universal themes about human existence and processes of life. Harwoods poetry validates the consoling influence of childhood experiences upon adult development evident in both At Mornington and A Valediction where they both explore one sense of loss and consolidation. Harwood cleverly includes personas with their own feelings and anxieties to outlook on the present and future and the power of memories held with past relationships. Relationships link within Harwoods poetry as throughout life she experiences suffering and includes her personal voice and life within the story of her poem.In conclusion, Gwen Harwood deals with the invariant relevant issues of loss and consolation by the enduring power of poetic treatment of age and yout h. In my opinion, on the most profound of universal truths, thither is no certainty in life and we must deal with events and situations as we encounter them.Harwoods poetry distinctly presents a slight difference throughout exploration of the relationship between age and youth, which has greatly shaped my own understanding of these specific effects. Her unique and personal manner allows the responder to not only form a deep empathy with her words, but also to critically consider ones own life and experiences.

Entity Relationship Diagram Analysis

In this job I have to roll up several(prenominal) entity, so an entity attributes and at last ERD.I think I will larn more intimately entity, attributes, Entity kin plat to make this labor.DescriptionEntityAn Entity is an object or existent thing such as a tabular array or signifier. An Entity contains whatever culture about himself. In the entity most informations can be stored.PropertiesProperties means the information or inside informations of an Entity. Attribute may incorporate assorted sorts of value like numeral, Characters, Integer etc. Simply attributes argon the belongingss of entity.Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD )An entity- kinship diagram is a information mold diagram and technique. ERD can make a graphical representation of the races between entities, the entities, and deep down an information schema. in that location ar three type relationships in the Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) ace to OneOne to ManyMany to ManyThe chief constituents of Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD )EntityPropertiesRelationshipCardinalityEntitiesDepartmentCapable AreaStaff architectural planFacultyStudentRegistrationExaminationConsequenceCourseworkAttendanceAdvancementEntities with PropertiesDepartmentDepartment_ID ( PK )Department_NameDepartment_DetailsDepartment_LeaderDisciplineSubject_Area_ID ( PK )Subject_Area_LeaderSubject_Area_NameSubject_Area_DetailsDepartment_ID ( FK )EmployeeEmployee_ID ( PK )Employee_LeaderEmployee_TypeEmployee_NameEmployee_JoiningDateEmployee_AddressDepartment_ID ( FK ) be afterProgram_ID ( PK )Program_LeaderProgram_NameProgram_TypeProgram_DetailsSubject_Area_ID ( FK )RegistrationRegistration_ID ( PK )Registration_DateRegistration_TypeRegistration_costFacultyModule_ID ( PK )Module_NameModule_LeaderModule_DetailsModule_TypeStudent_ID ( FK )Program_ID ( FK )StudentStudent_ID ( PK )Student_NameStudent_TypeStudent_DetailsStudent_AddressModule_ID ( FK )Registration_ID ( FK )ExaminationExam_ID ( PK )Exam_DetailsExam_NameExam_Dat eExam_TimeStudent_ID ( FK )ConsequenceResult_ID ( PK )Result_NameResult_TypeResult_DetailsResult_DateResult_timeExam_ID ( FK )CourseworkCoursework_ID ( PK )Coursework_NameCoursework_TypeCoursework_DetailsStudent_ID ( FK )AttendanceAttendance_ID ( PK )Attendance_NameAttendance_TypeAttendance_DetailsStudent_ID ( FK )AdvancementProgress_ID ( PK )Progress_TypeProgress_DetailsEntity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) Relationship sum-upIn my ERD plot some relation comment are given in the belowIn the Entity Relationship Diagram I find out the relation between section and capable inelegant is unitary to many, because wizard section may hold many capable countries.In the scenario I can see wizard capable boorish may hold more plans.In the ERD diagram the relationship between plan and dexterity is one to many. Many faculties are under of a plan. Module is utilize a foreign key of plans.In the ERD diagram the relationship between scholarly persons and faculties are one to many, because o ne pupil may hold more than one faculty. In the relationship pupil primary key is used as a foreign key in the faculty entity.In the ERD diagram the relationship between pupil and test is one to many. One pupil may take part more tests.In the ERD diagram the relationship between pupil and coursework is one to many. One pupil may take part in the more coursework.In the ERD diagram the relationship between enrollment and pupil is one to many. The enrollment may be registers for more pupils at same clip.In the ERD diagram sincerely I see the one to many dealingss. For this ground I include one to many relationships in the ERD diagram. In the existent life for database one to many relationship is perfect to me.DrumheadIn this trade union movement I draw an entity relationship diagram. To pull the diagram I find out some entities and properties of entities. To make this labor movement I at any rate learn about entities, properties and entity relationship diagram.Task-02IntroductionIt is said to change in the undertaking 2. For doing a database successfully Normalization must be needed. The activities of a database depend on standardisation. standardisation helps to do a database rebelliously. In the undertaking I will seek to normalise for a section placement in the memorial tablet. The standardisation occurs in some stairss. In the undermentioned stairss are given.DescriptionStandardizationIn the organisation all activities now depend on the computing machine system. Some corporate organisation need database system for commanding all information. As a consequence database is most popular and inborn things in the universe. For doing a database successfully standardization is the traditional port. Without standardization it is impossible to do a database. Standardization is the social function is used to form the informations absolutely in a database. I normalize the section information for some specific intent. The intent of standardization is divided i nto twain parts. Removing unneeded informations and guaranting informations dependences. If same informations stay in some tabular array together the database may victim. Often it may data in the unrelated tabular array. To work out these jobs we can be done standardization. The intents of standardization are creditable to diminish the sum of infinite a database consumes and guarantee that information is logically stored. The public presentation of database armorial bearing system depends on the standardization.Some stairss are indispensable for standardization. The stairss are given briefly in the followersGathering informationsGathering informations is the source flier of standardization. When I normalize I will roll up all information in the phase. I will implement all informations of this measure in the following measure.Choosing a keyFor making standardization a key is indispensable. The key is the chief informations for standardization. All informations depend on the key. The key must be one from garnering informations.First Normal work ( 1NF )Some functions have to follow in the stairss. Repeating informations in the standardization, sometime it may harmful for standardization, so it necessary to take reiterating informations in the standardization. Removing reiterating informations is the chief work in this undertaking. foster Normal Form ( 2NF )Second normal signifier ( 2NF ) is used to different and take same informations in the database. The phase besides provides far information for taking same informations in the database. The chief activities of the phaseThe all informations of first normal signifier must be represented in the phase.same(p) information in the rows of database tabular array are removed in the phase.The relationship of new tabular array is made in the phase.Third Normal Form ( 3NF )In the 3rd normal signifier some activities are occurred. The undermentioned activities are given in the belowAll demands of the 2nd normal signi fier are present in the phase.The activities of the phase is removed some columns that are non dependent upon the primary key. The taking informations and information are non depended on the primary key of tabular array. For this ground these columns informations and information are removed.OptimizationOptimization is the last measure of standardization. I will bring out the whole standardization by bring forthing a standardization diagram. The standardization diagram is symbol of a better database. If standardization tabular array is clear, informations base become clear.Gathering DatasDepartment_IDDepartment_NameDepartment_DetailsDepartment_LeaderCapable Area_IDCapable Area_LeaderCapable Area_NameCapable Area_Detailsemployee_IDemployee_Leaderemployee _Typeemploye _Nameemployee_JoiningDateStaff_AddressProgramme_IDProgramme_LeaderProgramme_NameProgramme_TypeProgramme_DetailsStudent_IDRegistration_IDRegistration_DateRegistration_TypeModule_IDModule_NameModule_LeaderModule_Descriptio nModule-TypeStudent_IDStudent_NameStudent_TypeStudent_DescriptionStudent_AddressModule_IDRegistration_IDExam_IDExam_DescriptionExam_NameExam_DateExam_TimeResult_IDResult_NameResult_TypeResult_DescriptionResult_DateResult_timeCoursework_ IDCoursework_NameCoursework_TypeCoursework_DetailsAttendance_IDAttendance_NameAttendance_TypeAttendance_DetailsProgress_IDProgress_TypeProgress_DetailsChoosing a keyStudent_idConverting to 1st Normal Form ( consider to reiterating informations )Student ( Repeating ) Department_idDepartment_nameStudent_idStudent_nameStudent_emailStudent_phoneStudent_addressStudy_modeEmployee_idEmployee_nameEmployee_phoneEmployee_emailEmployee_addressesSexual activityProgram_idProgram_nameProgram_timeCredit_idTotal_course_marksTotal_module_marksTotal_creditConsequenceModule_idModule_nameModule_leaderModule_yearCapable Area ( Non Repeating ) Subjectarea_idSubjectarea_nameSubjectarea_LeaderConverting to 2nd Normal Form ( Remove parcel cardinal dependance )StudentStudent _id ( pk )Student nameStudent electronic mailStudentphoneStudent referenceStudy mannerProgram Idaho ( fk )Programe namePlan leaderRecognitionRecognition Idaho ( pk )Student Idaho ( fk )Entire coursework gradeExam gradeModule gradeEntire scholarshipConsequenceFacultyModule Idaho ( pkModule leaderFaculty namePrograme Idaho ( fk )Programe nameEmployeeEmployee Idaho ( pk )Employee nameEmployee electronic mailEmployee phoneEmployee referenceSexual activityDepatment Idaho ( fk )Department nameDepartmentDepartment Idaho ( pk )Department namePlanProgram Idaho ( pk )Capable country Idaho ( fk )Capable country namePrograme namePlan leaderCapable countryCapable country Idaho ( pk )Capable country nameDepartment Idaho ( fk )Department nameCapable country leaderConverting to 3rd Normal Form ( Remove not cardinal dependence ) DepartmentDepartment_id ( PK )Department_nameCapable AreaSubjectarea_id ( PK )Subjectarea_nameDepartment_id ( FK )Subjectarea_Leader ( FK )EmployeeEmployee_id ( PK )Employe e_nameEmployee_phoneEmployee_emailEmployee_addressesSexual activityDepartment_id ( FK )Student_moduleStudent_id ( PK )Module_id ( PK )PlanProgram_id ( PK )Subjetarea_id ( FK )Program_leader ( FK )Program_nameProgram_timeFacultyModule_id ( PK )Module_nameModule_leader ( FK )Module_yearProgram_id ( FK )StudentStudent_id ( PK )Student_nameStudent_emailStudent_phoneStudent_addressStudy_modeProgram_id ( FK )RecognitionCredit_id ( PK )Student_id ( FK )Module_id ( FK )Total_course_marksTotal_module_marksTotal_creditConsequenceOptimizationSummaryIn the undertaking I normalized for a section. I normalize for holding database direction system. To make this undertaking I canvas about standardization. I think I normalized good. Clear standardization helps to do a better database direction system. I learned more about standardization to make this undertaking.Undertaking 3IntroductionThe undertaking 3 contains some subjects. Database Management arrangement ( database management system ) is com ponent of the undertaking. I will make a database by utilizing Database Management System ( DBMS ) . There are some ways to do database. But I will make database in the SQL server, because it is easy and flexible to me. To do database I will do some tabular array, each tabular array will incorporate minimal 5 records.DescriptionSome stairss I followed to make this undertaking. The stairss and demands are given in the belowDatabase Management System ( DBMS ) To pull off a database some strong functions are followed. Database direction system is a sort of environment where all sorts functions and ordinance are included. A database direction system ( DBMS ) works as a database director. Database Management System ( DBMS ) is computing machine plan or package. The package helps others computing machine users create and entree informations in a database. Anyone can entree the information, where information is placed it is non fact, It manages user petitions so that users and other plan s are free from holding to understand informations in a multi-user system, on storage media and, who else may besides be accessing the information. Database direction system checks the unity of the database. The DBMS besides manage the hallmark procedure, merely authorized user and authorised web can entree the database. DBMS helps to do a secure database. Database direction system s environment helps to do a good relationship in the database.The activities for this undertaking are followingMY databaseGenerated script from Generate SQL Server Scripts Wizard restrict ANSI_NULLS ON transitSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF non EXISTS ( give * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . section ) AND type in ( NU ) ) push down shape display panel dbo . section ( department_id nchar ( 10 ) not NULL, department_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, chasteness PK_department primary get a line CLUSTERED( department_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = glum ) ON ori ginal ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF not EXISTS ( distribute * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . employee ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE TABLE dbo . employee ( employee_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, employee_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, employee_email nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, employee_phon int NULL, employee_address nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, department_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, sex nvarchar ( 1 ) NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_employee PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( employee_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = glowering ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( pack * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . subjectarea ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE TABLE dbo . subjectarea ( subjectarea_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, subjectarea_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, department_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, subjectarea_leader n char ( 10 ) NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_subjectarea PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( subjectarea_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . plan ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE TABLE dbo . plan ( program_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, subjectarea_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, program_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, program_leader nchar ( 10 ) NULL, program_time nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_program PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( program_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . faculty ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE TABLE dbo . faculty ( module_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, program_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, module_leader nchar ( 10 ) NULL, mo dule_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, twelvemonth nchar ( 10 ) NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_module PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( module_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . pupil ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE TABLE dbo . pupil ( student_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, student_name nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, student_email nvarchar ( 50 ) NULL, student_phon int NULL, student_address nvarchar ( 100 ) NULL, program_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, StudyMode nchar ( 10 ) NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_student PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( student_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . student_module ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE TABLE dbo . student_modul e ( student_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, module_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_student_module PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( student_id ASC, module_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelSET ANSI_NULLS ONTravelSET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ONTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . apprehension ) AND type in ( NU ) )Get downCREATE TABLE dbo . recognition ( credit_id nchar ( 10 ) NOT NULL, student_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, module_id nchar ( 10 ) NULL, total_coursework_marks int NULL, exam_marks int NULL, total_module_marks int NULL, total_credits int NULL, consequence nchar ( 10 ) NULL,CONSTRAINT PK_credit PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED( credit_id ASC) WITH ( IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF ) ON PRIMARY ) ON PRIMARY EndTravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_employee_department ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . empl oyee ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . employee WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_employee_department FOREIGN KEY ( department_id )REFERENCES dbo . section ( department_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_subjectarea_department ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . subjectarea ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . subjectarea WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_subjectarea_department FOREIGN KEY ( department_id )REFERENCES dbo . section ( department_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_subjectarea_employee ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . subjectarea ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . subjectarea WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_subjectarea_employee FOREIGN KEY ( subjectarea_leader )REFERENCES dbo . employee ( employee_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_program_employee ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . plan ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . plan WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_program_employee FOREIGN KEY ( program_leader )REFERENCES dbo . employee ( employee_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_program_subjectarea ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . plan ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . plan WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_program_subjectarea FOREIGN KEY ( subjectarea_id )REFERENCES dbo . subjectarea ( subjectarea_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_module_employee ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . faculty ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . faculty WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_module_employee FOREIGN KEY ( module_leader )REFERENCES dbo . employee ( employee_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_module_p rogram ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . faculty ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . faculty WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_module_program FOREIGN KEY ( program_id )REFERENCES dbo . plan ( program_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_student_program ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . pupil ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . pupil WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_student_program FOREIGN KEY ( program_id )REFERENCES dbo . plan ( program_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_student_module_module ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . student_module ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . student_module WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_student_module_module FOREIGN KEY ( module_id )REFERENCES dbo . faculty ( module_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_student_m odule_student ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . student_module ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . student_module WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_student_module_student FOREIGN KEY ( student_id )REFERENCES dbo . pupil ( student_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_credit_module ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . recognition ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . recognition WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_credit_module FOREIGN KEY ( module_id )REFERENCES dbo . faculty ( module_id )TravelIF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . FK_credit_student ) AND parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID ( N dbo . recognition ) )ALTER TABLE dbo . recognition WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT FK_credit_student FOREIGN KEY ( student_id )REFERENCES dbo . pupil ( student_id )SummaryI used SQL waiter for doing database. I draw the diagram by utilizing normalized diagram. Some tabular arraies I created to bring forth the diagram of database. I included all table mean five records. To make the undertaking absolutely I argue all tabular arraies screen shot with records.Undertaking 4IntroductionThe chief activities are said in the undertaking. In the undertaking I will quire of my database. Now in the undertaking I will seek to implement. I will verify the operation of database. I will quire of the database harmonizing the outlook of the undertaking. I will follow the activities harmonizing the undertaking.DescriptionIn the undertaking I have to make questions for find out some demands these are said to make in the undertaking. In the undermentioned these activities are given in the below1.Name callings of all the Subject Area Leaders ( SALs )QuerieSELECT dbo.subjectarea.subjectarea_leader, dbo.employee.employee_name, dbo.subjectarea.subjectarea_nameFROM dbo.employee home(a) JOINdbo.subjectarea ON dbo.employee.employee_id = dbo.subjectarea.su bjectarea_leaderEnd productPLs along with the name ( s ) of the capable countryQuerieSELECT dbo.program.program_leader, dbo.employee.employee_id, dbo.program.program_nameFROM dbo.employee inner(a) JOINdbo.program ON dbo.employee.employee_id = dbo.program.program_leaderEnd productMLs along with the name ( s ) of the capable countrySELECT dbo.module.module_leader, dbo.employee.employee_name, dbo.module.module_nameFROM dbo.employee INNER JOINdbo.module ON dbo.employee.employee_id = dbo.module.module_leader2. demonstrate the undermentioned information for the conventionalized Intelligence capable countrya ) The list of plans that belong to that capable country QuerieSELECT program_nameFROM dbo.programWHERE ( subjectarea_id = sa-03 )End productB ) The list of faculties that belong to these plans QuerieSELECT dbo.program.program_id, dbo.module.module_nameFROM dbo.program INNER JOINdbo.module ON dbo.program.program_id = dbo.module.program_idWHERE ( dbo.program.subjectarea_id = sa-03 )degree Celsius ) The list of pupils who have awarded a Pass for one of the facultiesQuerieSELECT DISTINCT C.student_id, student.student_name, C.module_id, module.module_name, C.resultFROM recognition AS C INNER JOINfaculty ON C.module_id = module.module_id INNER JOINpupil ON C.student_id = student.student_id INNER JOINplan ON module.program_id = program.program_id AND student.program_id = program.program_id INNER JOINsubjectarea ON program.subjectarea_id = subjectarea.subjectarea_idWHERE ( C.result = pass ) AND ( subjectarea.subjectarea_id = sa-03 )End product3. Expose the name of all the pupils who belong to one plan you can take which plan of the Database capable country, along with the undermentioned informationa ) Their twelvemonth of persuasion QuerieSELECT DISTINCT dbo.student.student_id, dbo.student.student_name, dbo.program.program_id, dbo.program.program_name, dbo.module.yearFROM dbo.student INNER JOINdbo.program ON dbo.student.program_id = dbo.program.program_id I NNER JOINdbo.module ON dbo.program.program_id = dbo.module.program_id INNER JOINdbo.student_module ON dbo.student.student_id = dbo.student_module.student_id AND dbo.module.module_id = dbo.student_module.module_idWHERE ( dbo.program.subjectarea_id = sa-01 )End productB ) The faculties they study QuerieSELECT DISTINCTdbo.student.student_id, dbo.student.student_name, dbo.module.module_name, dbo.student_module.module_id, dbo.student.program_id,dbo.program.program_nameFROM dbo.student INNER JOINdbo.program ON dbo.student.program_id = dbo.program.program_id INNER JOINdbo.module ON dbo.program.program_id = dbo.module.program_id INNER JOINdbo.student_module ON dbo.student.student_id = dbo.student_module.student_id AND dbo.module.module_id = dbo.student_module.module_idWHERE ( dbo.program.subjectarea_id = sa-01 )End productdegree Celsiuss ) Their test and coursework Markss for these facultiesQuerieSELECT dbo.credit.student_id, dbo.student.student_name, dbo.credit.module_id, dbo.module.modu le_name, dbo.credit.total_coursework_marks, dbo.credit.exam_marks, dbo.student.program_idFROM dbo.credit INNER JOINdbo.module ON dbo.credit.module_id = dbo.module.module_id INNER JOINdbo.student ON dbo.credit.student_id = dbo.student.student_id INNER JOINdbo.program ON dbo.module.program_id = dbo.program.program_id AND dbo.student.program_id = dbo.program.program_idwhere program.subjectarea_id=sa-01 End productSummarySome quires are done in the undertaking harmonizing the functions of appellative. I finished the undertaking really carefully. As a proven I show some screen shooting of quires. I besides show SQL quires in the assignment.Undertaking 5IntroductionThere are five undertakings in the assignment. Each undertaking is made for a specific and different subject. Such a undertaking is task 5. In the undertaking 5 I will seek to stand for a study for whole assignment. The study will incorporate the interpretation of my system design for a section of an organisation. In this stu dy I will besides include the inside informations information about undertaking one to five.DescriptionIn the phase I will seek to give a solution for this study.TitleReport no- Database Design and DevelopmentRecipient- Mrs Jesmin AktarAuthor- Shanta MariaIntroduction of my premiseThe rubric of the assignment is College Database Development. The college needs a computerized system for keeping the activities of a section. To keeping the section activities the college needs an ideal database direction system. To complete these activities of this assignment I mentioned each subject for the assignment in the separately. I think I learned more things as pupil, to make this assignment. After completing each undertaking right I will bring forth a study for discover my accomplishment on my analysis, design and thought accomplishment.Overview of whole assignmentThe sum-up of the whole assignment, I want to bring forth a study. The study is given at the belowUndertaking 1EntityAn Entity is a existent thing such as a tabular array or signifier. An Entity contains some information about himself. The information of entity can assist for designation of entity.PropertiesAttributes refers the inside informations information of an Entity. There are many types are fixed for property. These values are like numeral, Characters, Integer etc. Properties are the chief belongings of entities.Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD )An entity-relationship diagram is a diagram for informations patterning. Entity relationship diagram ensures the relationships between entities, the entities, and within an information system. Entity relationship diagram makes a database good understand.There are three type relationships in the Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD )One to OneOne to ManyMany to ManyThe chief constituents of Entity Relationship Diagram ( ERD )EntityPropertiesRelationshipCardinalityUndertaking 2StandardizationSome corporate organisation need database system for commanding all informat ion. To command information of organisation database must be needed. As a consequence database is most popular and indispensable things in the universe. Without standardization it is impossible to do a database. Standardization is the procedure is used to form the informations absolutely in a database. I normalize the section information for some specific intent. The intents of standardization are worthy to diminish the sum of infinite a database consumes and guarantee that information is logically stored. The public presentation of database direction system depends on the standardization.Some stairss are indispensable for standardization.In the assignment I followed some stairss for standardization. The stairss are given in the belowGathering informationsChoosing a keyFirst Normal Form ( 1NF )Second Normal Form ( 2NF )Third Normal Form ( 3NF )OptimizationUndertaking 3I used SQL waiter to do database in this undertaking. Making database was the function of the undertaking. As a cons equence I designed a diagram and a database in the undertaking.Undertaking 4The undertaking holds information for SQL quires. Harmonizing the undertaking some quires are made to use in the database. To make SQL quires in the undertaking I learned more things about SQL bid and other secure information of SQL waiter.Footings of mentionThe scope for investigated system is extended. All the inside informations about the system hold given. The current system and the new system image are clear in the scenario. Anyone can see and compare the scenario.The study focuses on the section of an organisation. The study is bring forthing with a inside informations description and information of the complete system analysis and design portion for the section of an organisation.Procedures and methodsIn my assignment I used some techniques. I have investigated all the process in many ways. In the assignment I followed the operation and practically system of college and others pull offing activities. The chief process and method of the assignment is to settle the current system jobs and besides to present an ideal database system of the academy dramatics for keeping the section procedure.In this assignment I used entity relationship diagram and other demands and processs.RecommendationHarmonizing the users demands and after probe the system, I could happen out some jobs and some other job in the college development diagram. The keeping system of the college development diagram was really hard to pull off. To work out the jobs I provide the new IT system. I will seek and bring forth the really easy manner to pull off the college development diagram for keeping procedure or systems in the new database system of College Database Development.Requirement hardware To set up the procedure some hardware and package are really indispensable. The name or hardware demands are given in the followersPersonal computer ( Include all hardware )Network ConnectionSQL waiterWindows XP.NET modelFu ture program for my databaseIn the assignment I produced a database direction system for a college section. There are many sections of the college. I will include more information about more sections in the database at future. To implement my database I will utilize latest tools. I will seek to happen how manner I can implement the database.AppendixEntity Relationship Diagram ( ERD ) Optimization diagramDatabaseSummaryThere are five undertakings in the assignment. The assignment contains some subjects of database. As a pupil any one can larn about database direction system from the topic. The undertaking five contains information of an premise. In the undertaking I seek to supply an ideal premise about the whole assignment.

Alternative education Essay

Education in its commonplace sense is a form of learn in which the knowledge, skills, and habits of a group of people are transferred from genius generation to the next by teaching, training, or research. Education frequently takes erupt under the guidance of others, just now may also be autodidactic. Any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. A redress to education has been recognized by some governments. At the global level, Article 13 of the United Nations 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.Etymology Etymologically, the volume education is derived from the Latin educatio from educo which is related to the homonym educo from e- and duco . Type of education Education can take place in formal or informal educational settings. ballock education Systems of schooling involve institutionalized teaching and larn in relation to a curriculum, which itself is established according to a predetermined purpose of the schools in the system. Schools systems are some epochs also ground on religions, giving them different curricula.CurriculumIn formal education, a curriculum is the set of courses and their content offered at a school or university. As an idea, curriculum stems from the Latin word for race course, referring to the course of deeds and experiences through with(predicate) which children grow to become mature adults. A curriculum is prescriptive, and is based on a more ecumenical syllabus which merely specifies what topics must be understood and to what level to achieve a incident grade or standard. An academic discipline is a branch of knowledge which is formally taught, either at the universityor via some other such method. apiece discipline usually has several sub-disciplines or branches, and distinguishing lines are a good deal both arbitrary and ambiguous. Examples of broad areas of academic disciplines include the natural sciences, mathematic s, computer science, social sciences, humanities and applied sciences. Educational institutions may incorporate fine arts as part of K-12 grade curricula or within majors at colleges and universities as electives. The miscellaneous types of fine arts are music, dance, and theater. Preschools The term preschool refers to a school for children who are not old enough to attend kindergarten. It is a nursery school.Preschool education is all-important(a) because it can give a child the edge in a competitive world and education climate. While children who do not receive the fundamental principle during their preschool years will be taught the alphabet, counting, shapes and colors and designs when they begin their formal education they will be potty the children who already possess that knowledge. The true purpose behind kindergarten is to provide a child-centered, preschool curriculum for three to seven year old children that aimed at unfolding the childs physical, intellectual, and moral nature with balanced ferocity on each of them. This period of education is very important in the formative years of the child. Teachers with special skills and training are needed at this epoch to nurture the children to develop their potentials. Primary schools Primary education consists of the first 57 years of formal, structured education. In general, elemental education consists of six or eight years of schooling starting at the age of five or six, although this varies between, and sometimes within, countries. Globally, about 89% of primordial-age children are enrolled in primary education, and this remainder is rising.Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries get to committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education. The di heap between primary and alternate education is somewhat arbitrary, notwithstanding it generally occurs at ab out cardinal or twelve years of age. Some education systems possess separate middle schools, with the transition to the final stage of secondary education taking place at around the age of fourteen.Schools that provide primary education, are mostly referred to as primary schools. Primary schools in these countries are often subdivided into infant schools and secondary school. In India, compulsory education spans over twelve years, out of which children receive elementary education for 8 years. Elementary schooling consists of five years of primary schooling and 3 years of upper primary schooling. Various states in the republic of India provide 12 years of compulsory school education based on national curriculum frame engagement designed by the National Council of Educational Research and Training.Secondary schools In most contemporary educational systems of the world, secondary education comp come outs the formal education that occurs during adolescence. It is characterized by tr ansition from the typically compulsory, comprehensive primary education for minors, to the optional, selective tertiary, post-secondary, or higher(prenominal) education for adults. Depending on the system, schools for this period, or a part of it, may be called secondary or high schools, gymnasiums, lyceums, middle schools, colleges, or vocational schools.The exact meaning of any of these terms varies from one system to another. The exact boundary between primary and secondary education also varies from country to country and even within them, but is generally around the seventh to the tenth year of schooling. Secondary education occurs mainly during the teenage years. In the United States, Canada and Australia primary and secondary education together are sometimes referred to as K-12 education, and in New Zealand Year 113 is used.The purpose of secondary education can be to give common knowledge, to prepare for higher education or to train directly in a profession. The emergence of secondary education in the United States did not happen until 1910, caused by the rise in big businesses and technological advances in factories, that required skilled micturateers. In order to meet this new job demand, high schools were created, with a curriculum think on interoperable job skills that would better prepare students for white collar or skilled blue collar work.This proved to be beneficial for both employers and employees, for the improvement in human capital caused employees to become more efficient, which lowered costs for the employer, and skilled employees received a higher wage than employees with just primary educational attainment. In Europe, grammar schools or academies date from as early as the 16th century, in the form of public schools, fee-paying schools, or charitable educational creations, which themselves have an even longer history. AlternativeAlternative education, also kn knowledge as non- tralatitious education or educational alternative, is a broad term that may be used to refer to all forms of education outside of tralatitious education . This may include not only forms of education designed for students with special needs, but also forms of education designed for a general audience and employing alternative educational philosophies and methods. Alternatives of the latter(prenominal) type are often the result of education advance and are rooted in various philosophies that are normally fundamentally different from those of traditional compulsory education.While some have strong political, scholarly, or philosophical orientations, others are more informal associations of teachers and students dissatisfied with certain aspects of traditional education. These alternatives, which include charter schools, alternative schools, independent schools, homeschooling and autodidacticism vary, but often emphasize the economic value of small contour size, close relationships between students and teachers, and a sense of community. Alternative education may also allow for independent learning and engaging class activities.SpecialIn the past, those who were disabled were often not eligible for public education. Children with disabilities were often educated by physicians or special tutors. These early physicians set the foundation for special education today. They focused on individualized instruction and functional skills. Special education was only provided to people with severe disabilities in its early years, but more recently it has been opened to anyone who has experienced difficulty learning. Vocational Vocational education is a form of education focused on direct and practical training for a specific trade or craft.Vocational education may come in the form of an apprenticeship or internship as well as institutions teaching courses such as carpentry, agriculture, engineering, medicine, architecture and the arts. Informal education Autodidacticism Autodidacticism is self-directed learning that is related to but different from informal learning. In a sense, autodidacticism is learning on your own or by yourself, and an autodidact is a self-teacher. Autodidacticism is a contemplative, absorbing process. Some autodidacts spend a great deal of time reviewing the resources of libraries and educational websites. star may become an autodidact at nearly any point in ones life. While some may have been informed in a effected manner in a particular field, they may choose to inform themselves in other, often unrelated areas. Notable autodidacts include Abraham Lincoln, Srinivasa Ramanujan, Michael Faraday, Charles Darwin, doubting Thomas Alva Edison, Tadao Ando, George Bernard Shaw, Frank Zappa,and Leonardo da Vinci . Indigenous Indigenous education refers to the inclusion of indigenous knowledge, models, methods and content within formal and non-formal educational systems.Often in a post-colonial context, the growing recognition and use of indigenous education methods can be a response to t he erosion and loss of indigenous knowledge and language through the processes of colonialism. Furthermore, it can enable indigenous communities to reclaim and revalue their languages and cultures, and in so doing, improve the educational success of indigenous students. Education through recreation The innovation of education through recreation was first applied to childhood development in the 19th century.In the early 20th century, the concept was broadened to include offspring adults but the emphasis was on physical activities. L. P. Jacks, also an early proponent of lifelong learning, described education through recreation A master in the art of living draws no sharp distinction between his work and his play, his labour and his leisure, his mind and his body, his education and his recreation. He hardly knows which is which. He simply pursues his vision of excellence through whatever he is doing and leaves others to determine whether he is working or playing. To himself he alwa ys seems to be doing both.Enough for him that he does it well. Education through recreation is the opportunity to learn in a seamless fashion through all of lifes activities. The concept has been revived by the University of western Ontario to teach anatomy to medical students. Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods. Cost of education has been an issue throughout history, and a major political issue in most countries today. Open education is generally significantly cheaper than traditional campus based learning and in many cases even alleviate. many a(prenominal) large university institutions are now starting to offer free or almost free full courses such as Harvard, MIT and Berkeley teaming up to form edX Other universities offering open education are Stanford, Princeton, Duke, Johns Hopkins, Edinburgh, U. Penn, U. Michigan, U. Virginia, U. Washington, Caltech. I t has been called the biggest change in the way we learn since the make press. Many people despite favorable studies on effectiveness may still desire to choose traditional campus education for social and cultural reasons.The conventional merit system degree is currently not as common in open education as it is in campus universities. Although some open universities do already offer conventional degrees such as the Open University in the United Kingdom. Currently many of the major open education sources offer their own form of certificate. Due to the popularity of open education these new kind of academic certificates are gaining more respect and live academic value to traditional degrees. Many open universities are working to have the ability to offer students standardized testing and traditional degrees and credentials.There has been a culture forming around distance learning for people who are looking to enjoy the shared social aspects that many people value in traditional on c ampus education that is not often directly offered from open education. Examples of this are people in open education forming study groups, meetups and movements such as UnCollege. Liberal arts colleges A liberal arts institution can be defined as a college or university curriculum aimed at imparting broad general knowledge and developing general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. Although what is known today as the liberal arts college began in Europe, the term is more commonly associated with Universities in the United States. Community colleges A nonresidential junior college offering courses to people living in a particular area. Learning modalities There has been ofttimes interest in learning modalities and styles over the last two decades. The most commonly employed learning modalities are Visual learning based on observation and seeing what is being learned.Auditory learning based on listening to instructions/informat ion. Kinesthetic learning based on movement, e. g. hands-on work and engaging in activities. Other commonly-employed modalities include musical, interpersonal, verbal, logical, and intrapersonal. Dunn and Dunn focused on identifying relevant stimuli that may influence learning and manipulating the school environment, at about the same time as Joseph Renzulli recommended varying teaching strategies. Howard Gardner identified a wide range of modalities in his Multiple Intelligences theories.The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Keirsey Temperament Sorter, based on the whole caboodle of Jung, focus on understanding how peoples personality affects the way they interact personally, and how this affects the way individuals respond to each other within the learning environment. The work of David Kolb and Anthony Gregorcs Type Delineator follows a similar but more simplified approach. Some theories propose that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities, musical compositi on others suggest that individuals may have preferred learning styles, learning more easily through visual or kinesthetic experiences.A consequence of the latter theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of teaching methods which cover all three learning modalities so that different students have equal opportunities to learn in a way that is effective for them. Guy Claxton has questioned the extent that learning styles such as VAK are helpful, particularly as they can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict learning. Recent research has argued there is no adequate evidence base to justify incorporating learning styles assessments into general educational practice. Instruction Instruction is the facilitation of anothers learning. Instructors in primary and secondary institutions are often called teachers, and they direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects like reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. Instructors in p ost-secondary institutions might be called teachers, instructors, or professors, depending on the type of institution and they primarily teach only their specific discipline.