Habits That Hinder Thinking :: essays research papers fc

John and Julie, your two closest companions, have quite recently perused an article about capital punishment. It clarifies the reasons why passing by deadly infusion is a genuine discipline for specific wrongdoings.      As Julie peruses the article, she emphatically concurs with what the writer needs to state. â€Å"An tit for tat, a tooth for a tooth,† she envisions. Without inspecting the thoughts that are included, she’s happy with everything the article says in light of the fact that, â€Å"It’s just fair.†      John, then again, is profoundly annoyed before he’s even wrapped up the article. He inclines vigorously on the inclination that God has the main capacity to choose someone’s destiny, not man. â€Å"It’s not option to meddle with another person’s presence on Earth,† he ponders internally as he continues perusing.      What Julie and John don’t know is that they’ve both utilized a few propensities that upset deduction to think of their suppositions. The two of them had solid introductory sentiments about capital punishment. Also, the two of them got done with those equivalent sentiments since they were the most fulfilling. Yet, Julie and John neglected to attempt to find out about their contradicting assessment. Without acknowledging it, the two of them became casualties of thobbing.  â â â â Henshaw Ward named thobbing for considering and assessing thoughts. â€Å"The term consolidates the th from speculation, the o from feeling, and the b from believing† (qtd. in Ruggiero 53). You can know about when you are thobbing by giving close consideration to your underlying sentiments, particularly the ones that are exceptionally solid.      There are numerous propensities that can frustrate one’s reasoning, making their psyche succumb to thobbing. Julie and John both utilized similarity and protection from change, and supporting propensities when thinking of a conclusion about capital punishment article.      In The Art of Thinking, Ruggiero states that â€Å"harmful similarity is our main thing as opposed to suspecting so as to have a place with a gathering or to maintain a strategic distance from the danger of being unique. Such similarity is a demonstration of weakness, a penance of indepedence for a lesser good(49).      Julie and John may have been accommodating when they built up their feelings about the article on capital punishment. They had most likely managed the contention previously and were uncovered to different people’s conclusions. At that point when they went over this article, they were generally happy with the conviction they knew about. They recollected the different people’s mentalities and adjusted.      John has a place with a congregation where he rehearses his faith in Christianity.

The Concept Of Learning Style Education Essay

The develop of larning way has been concentrated by a wide range of techniques. Learning habits can be characterized as the highlights and best way wherein an individual used to accumulate, spot and treat data ( Fleming, 2001 ) . For Kolb ( 1984 ) , larning way is the strategy where an individual gets new data and achievements. Sternberg ‘s ( 2001 ) meaning of tilting way is unique in relation to that of Kolb ‘s and Fleming ‘s, Sternberg characterizes larning way as an acclimated structure or favored way which an individual uses to make something through various exercises over a significant stretch of times. The above definitions have a typical point which individual have their ain inclination in larning. On the off chance that individuals see progressively about their procurement way, they can happen a superior way to larn and go an increasingly adroit researcher ( Sze, 2009 ) . It causes single to larn new things effectively and quickly on the grounds that they co mprehend their procurement encounter and cognize the thing which they need ( Sze, 2009 ) . I would wish to use VARK and Honey and A ; Mumford to occur out my larning propensity. VARK Test VARK is a lot of precise requests which abdominal muscle initio chose in 1987 by Neil Fleming to gracefully a man with a worry of their procurement propensity about the way which a man would wish to take-in and give-out data ( VARK, 2012 ) . The abbreviation VARK represents Visual ( V ) , Aural ( A ) , Read/compose ( R ) and Kinesthetic ( K ) tangible modes which utilized by a man to larn data ( VARK, 2012 ) . After I completed the VARK preliminary, I found that I have a multi-model ( VARK ) larning inclination. The imprint spread between the four methods of VARK is close to nothing. I scored 10, 9, 8 and 10 in Visual, Aural, Read/Write and Kinesthetic severally. It implies my learning propensity is the blends of the four habits. The outcome of the examination is fairly precise for me that I am heading out to explain the aftereffects of the result with my everyday life and learning experience. At the point when I concentrated in the high sheepskin in concern removal, I delighted in the lectors to use various graphs, diagrams and models which used to portray some unpredictable or dynamic hypotheses or data. For outline, the lector utilized the graph to demo the constituents of the Gross national salary. It made me to comprehend and have new perception all the more quickly. In spite of the fact that, I would wish to larn cognizance through visual way, I would non ignore the read/compose class. It is other than of import for me to hold data. At the point when I was making the closing twelvemonth endeavor in the high sheepskin, I liked to occur out the utile data from the books and the internet. From that point forward, I would see down some of import data which I may use in the endeavor. For kinaesthetic class, it is other than the way to help me geting new things through experience or example. I had a part cut occupation last twelvemonth which I expected to place in the noti ceable radiation in various presentations. At the main clasp I joined the crew, I did non cognize how to put the obvious radiation. After the manager ‘s introduction and my example, I could make it without anyone else quickly. I other than prefer to have and give out suppositions in bunch treatment. It is on the grounds that I can have various recommendations and considerations when holding a treatment. It give me I great chance to move up and increment cognizance. As a multi-modular inclination researcher, I can be progressively adaptable to change my larning way starting with one then onto the next to run into various larning or workplace. Be that as it may, multi-model researchers may encounter uncertain by only using one affinity to larn, they may require more than one way or plans to have new data ( VARK, 2012 ) . Nectar and A ; Mumford ‘s Learning Styles Questionnaires ( LSQ ) The Honey and A ; Mumford ‘s ( 1992 ) LSQ is first evolved in 1982 which depended on the David Kolb ‘s Learning Styles Inventory ( LSI ) . Not quite the same as the Kolb ‘s LSI which using conceptual words, Honey and A ; Mumford ‘s LSQ point of convergence on existent work exercises. It makes the clients to see all the more simple. LSQ intends to LSQ partitions larning habits into four kinds ; Militants, Theorists, Pragmatists and Reflectors. The investigation of the LSQ said that I have solid inclination on reflectors. It implies that I will look to comprehend and examination the things comprehensively before doing a choice. It is somewhat proper to portray my larning inclination. I had a wide range of gathering medicines with my crew individuals when I concentrated in sheepskin and high sheepskin in concern removal. I rarely gave out my assessment in a split second during the primary gathering. I ordinarily tuned in to different individuals ‘ positions and recommendations thus thought what they said is appropriate for the endeavor or task. I would move up the data from the internet and content releases to turn out my focuses were correct. After I thought about various derivations, I would give my notions. I do non really hold that I have a moderate propensity on activist in the investigation. I like to make something basically by adhering to auxiliary directions. I am non simple to influence in new experience with out cautious investigation. Limitation of VARK and Honey and A ; Mumford ‘s LSQ Orchestrating to Hawk and Shah ( 2007 ) , there has non satisfactory research to back up the cogency and reliability of the VARK. Fleming and Baume ( 2006 ) other than said that cognizing one ‘s larning propensity did non mean the individual could better its procurement. It simply reveals to us our larning inclination. Character The alone type of thoughts, sentiments and practices which a man endures over a clasp and across situation can be characterized as character ( Morris and A ; Maisto, 2009 ) . In the wake of reconsidering various meanings of character, Sadeghi, Kasim, Tam and A ; Abdullah ( 2012 ) other than said that â€Å" to summarize, character can be characterized as a dynamic and sorted out arrangement of highlights controlled by each person that particularly and unambiguously impacts their practices, intentions, and familiarities in grouped condition of affairss. † Knowing one ‘s character causes us to recognize ‘real you ‘ which can benefit for our more distant improvement of our conceivable ( Barrett and A ; Green, 2011 ) . Myers Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI ) The MBTI is a methodical survey which was created by the female parent and young lady crew of Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs-Myers which consolidates the character preliminary, calling preliminary and driving habits test into one ( TeamTechnology, 2012 ) . It benefits us by recognizing our idea calling, building up our driving strength, bettering our connections and increasing our mindfulness ( TeamTechnology, 2012 ) . Orchestrating to the investigation of the MBTI preliminary ( Appendices ) , I have the most elevated character types in ESFJ and ISFJ. The boss diverse between the two most noteworthy checking is among extroversion and invagination. It implies my hiting spread of these two components is nearly nothing. In my alternative, both extroversion and invagination are received in my everyday life which relies upon the distinctive condition of affairss. As I notice in the Honey and A ; Mumford ‘s LSQ, I like to think something comprehensively before making it. It meets the portrayal of the invagination that individuals focus on a couple, profound issues and thoroughly consider things before moving. On the off chance that I need to dissect explicit issue or point. I can pass a bunch of clasp to occur out the data through various beginnings without anyone else. I will be truly fulfilled that I can comprehend the activity with my endeavor. Once in a while, I am an extraversive person. At th e point when I was a post in essential and auxiliary school, I would wish to pass on with new crew individuals. It gave an open door for me to cognize progressively about them. The examination other than said that I look to create agreement in the connections and advance collaboration. It is fairly right that I think a decent relationship of a crew is extremely of import. Each crew part is esteemed for a crew. I accept that great cooperation can help to achieve the end effectually and speedily. Huge and A ; Limitation of MBTI Williamson and A ; Watson ( 2007 ) call attention to making MBTI preliminary can benefit our self-comprehend and improvement. It is utile for calling direction to let individuals to get themselves and decide proper calling program ( Kennedy and A ; Kennedy, 2004 ) . On the different manus, numerous associations use MBTI to gauge their appliers that it is dishonest and unlawful for them to try out appliers ( Quenk, 2000 ) . It is only mirror the affinity yet non the capacity, shrewd and open door for fruitful ( Kennedy and A ; Kennedy, 2004 ) . Group Role Meredith Belbin characterizes crew work as a tendency to act, contribute and interrelate with others in an exceptional way in a crew ( Belbin Associate, 2012 ) . Belbin Team Roles has been utilized in numerous associations over the word to put the crew capacity of various individuals inside the association ( Belbin Associate, 2012 ) . Belbin Team Roles Belbin Team Roles preliminary is a demonstrative device which used to quantify single crew work affinity and discover the crew jobs balance in a crew ( Partington and Harris, 1999 ) . Nine crew capacities are distinguished in the Belbin crew work preliminary, they are organizer, producer, works, recourses look into laborer, crew laborer, implementer, registering machine nearer, delegate judge and specializer. Belbin Team Roles are utilized to put individuals ‘s conduct qualities and failings so it assists with developing profitable working relationship and normal trust and anxiety inside a crew ( Belbin Associate, 2012 ) . Blending to my investigation of Belbin on-line preliminary, I have the most inclination work in the completer closer with the best grade from 80 â

Recommendation of Ambercrombie & Fitch Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Proposal of Ambercrombie and Fitch - Essay Example Because of the experience, the organization will have a benchmark of achievement for what is attainable. President from outside will bring another point of view and front line approach. It has been demonstrated through research that outside CEOs with new thoughts spend more assets on innovative work, and their choices demonstrates pledge to development. Outside ability is essential in order to inhale new life into the firm (Blumberg, et al. 2013). By going outside for another CEO, the organization will send a solid message to its whole workforce and the board that the organization perceives the significance of progress, and is prepared to put resources into its future. Another CEO with new thoughts isn’t troubled by the past and is capable rapidly have a major effect to the organization. Employing another CEO from outside is the thing that the organization requires in order to arrive at the ideal development. Companies’ changes are ever consistent as of late, as quickening innovation, monetary instability, and globalization are markers that occasions for nothing new are a distant memory. Thus, a great deal of organizations have been constrained to advance, rotate, or reexamine their techniques totally. Ambercrombie and Fitch can likewise go a similar course by changing its societies. Pioneers have found that in certain circumstances, these means are testing and some are even difficult to perform without modifying the way of life that is related with the organization. An alternate procedure may call upon the difference in the whole culture attitude of the association; ‘the way we get things done around here’. It is important for the initiative of the organization to possess and be occupied with the procedure. Just through possession and commitment can the authority guarantee that Ambercrombie and Fitch is completely adjusted and there is the privilege authoritative structure set up, a framework that is pertinent, the right administration rehearses, and the necessary ability set up in order to develop in the ideal bearing. The

Help for Writing a Research Paper Features

Help for Writing a Research Paper Features The Help for Writing a Research Paper Cover Up The document must express the topic of your research. Within the title, if it's possible that you accomplish this, you must provide reference to the independent and dependent variables. There are plenty of formats available so far as sample writing research proposal is related. The research proposal template is going to have an area at which you can set the title of the document. What You Don't Know About Help for Writing a Research Paper They all are positive. Good choice of the study design is crucial to attain reliable and valid scientific outcomes. Appropriate time table for accomplishing each big step of the study ought to be defined. You have to fill the template in such a manner your ideas still be in linear purchase. Life, Death, and Help for Writing a Research Paper The Method section is extremely important as it tells your Research Committee how you intend to tackle your research issue. Regardless of what genre you would like Business Studies, Microeconomics, Business Management and Financial Accounting, we're here to serve your needs. State the goal of your research, and the suggested methods you will utilize. While the template aids in designing a proposal which aids a supervisor or governing body understand your theories and methods, additionally it is a paper that makes it possible to in developing a comprehension of how to continue with writing the lengthier dissertation. You are going to receive unique texts, which will be finished in time. Additionally, the key source is going to be based on a documentary film on schrizophrenia. Finally, mention how long you will take to finish the research. If it's so, then you might be having some difficult time for a student in addition to being a writer. The Debate Over Help for Writing a Research Paper Who knew essay writing might be so tough. It's possible to go with many other available topic s. So in case you have an essay assigned that you require help with, you can purchase essay online cheap from us. At our essay support, essays are always delivered in a brief moment. What all you will need is getting the assistance from a specialist and EssaysChief is going to be the expert that you seek out. Last, you receive all of our services at reasonable prices so quality help is always within reach. Our order method is quite a straightforward site design. Such help is going to be a portion of your private time administration. The Upside to Help for Writing a Research Paper Some research paper proposal template selections include an area at which you may include a literary review. The duration of the research proposal template isn't long. The academic level and the intention of the paper, if a dissertation or another sort of assignment, plays a part in what goes into the initial proposal. Having understood the importance of a proposal, you need to make certain you understand correctly what is format necessary for writing a proposal paper. The Lost Secret of Help for Writing a Research Paper You are going to be surrounded by writing professionals throughout the plan of order placement, and when you opt to purchase essay and pick an allocated writer, things are likely to get even more exciting. Actually, a seasoned writer can get the job done much faster than any student as they've been writing academic assignments during their entire life. Writing is a present that comes naturally. When you choose to purchase research proposal online from our company, you are going to be assigned a writer that is aware of what they're doing. Things You Won't Like About Help for Writing a Research Paper and Things You Will The debut of an APA-style paper is the toughest to write. So it's important to communicate to be able to compose a paper that's original as if written by you. A research paper is generally the very first step for students to acquire funding for their project, so it's critical to create a thoughtful and deep paper. It is a kind of paper that you cannot afford to escape in your academic career. How to Choose Help for Writing a Research Paper The topic of your investigation and the questions you want to answer need to have a very clear definition. The very first step in any research is to recognize the subject of interest. While speaking about research proposal topics and ideas, it's important to be aware that the topic you intend to select for your research proposal needs to be relevant to the course you're going through. You can also have the topic linked to your research topic to facilitate understanding. The New Fuss About Help for Writing a Research Paper Again, a narrow question that it is possible to research in detail is much better than a broad one which you aren't going to have the ability to cover in full. Your research is like your idea. The primary purpose of the introduction is to supply th e required background or context for your research issue. It is crucial to convince your reader of the possible effect of your proposed research. After you have defined your research questions, you need to place out broadly what you intend to do in order to answer them, and why. Normally, a research proposal should contain all the critical elements involved with the research procedure and include sufficient information for those readers to rate the proposed study. If you've got surprising findings, you might discuss different theories that can help explain the findings. The Help for Writing a Research Paper Game The intention of the proposal is to make sure that The proposal isn't a fixed blueprint. When you compose a project proposal, you will learn to propose for your upcoming project in your career. A research proposal usually comprises the detailed process a project to be undertaken should follow from the start. Writing a research proposal is most likely among the most challenging and hard task as research is a new area for near ly all postgraduates and new researchers. What You Need to Do About Help for Writing a Research Paper Before You Miss Your Chance The importance of the research since a proposal paper is more of persuading your audience what you will need to do, you have to state the significance of the project and the way that it impacts people. It can be addressed to different people, but most of them are usually intended to seek for sponsorship. You proposal should speak in brief in regards to the regions of the given subject your research will cover. Strong grant proposals take a while to develop. The 30-Second Trick for Help for Writing a Research Paper What's more, you have to have an idea how the particular topic you've selected will create an effect for policy change or any more discovery. Specify the question your research will answer, establish the reason it's a substantial question, show how you're likely to answer the question, and indicate what you expect we'll learn. When you 're on with the research proposal, you'll need to maintain a few different things in mind. In such a way you will not merely get an ideal research but will also be in a position to back it in front of your professor!

Presidential Pardons Legal Guidelines

A presidential pardon is a right granted to the President of the United States by the U.S. Constitution to forgive a person for a crime, or to excuse a person convicted of a crime from punishment. The president’s power to pardon is granted by Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution, which provides:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The President †¦ shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offenses against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.† Key Takeaways Article II, Section 2, Clause 1 of the Constitution grants the President of the United States the power to pardon any person convicted for or accused of federal crimes, except in cases of impeachment. The president may not pardon persons convicted for or accused of violating state or local laws.   Ã‚  Through the power of â€Å"commutation of sentence,† the president may reduce or completely eliminate the prison sentences being served by persons convicted of federal crimes.While he or she is not required to follow them, recommendations on all applications for presidential pardons must be prepared and submitted to the president by the U.S. Pardon Attorney of the Department of Justice.   Clearly, this power can result in some controversial applications. For example, in 1972 Congress accused President Richard Nixon of obstruction of justice—a federal felony—as part of his role in the infamous Watergate scandal. On September 8, 1974, President Gerald Ford, who had assumed office following Nixon’s resignation, pardoned Nixon for any crimes he may have committed related to Watergate. The number of pardons issued by the presidents has varied widely. Between 1789 and 1797, President George Washington issued 16 pardons. In his three terms—12 years—in office, President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued the most pardons of any president so far—3,687 pardons. Presidents William H. Harrison and James Garfield, both of whom died shortly after taking office, did not grant any pardons. Under the Constitution, the president may pardon only persons convicted or accused of federal crimes and offenses prosecuted by the United States Attorney for the District of Columbia in the name of the United States in the D.C. Superior Court. Crimes that violate state or local laws are not considered crimes against the United States and thus cannot be considered for presidential clemency. Pardons for state-level crimes are typically granted by the state’s governor or a state board of pardon and parole. Can Presidents Pardon Their Relatives? The Constitution places few restrictions on who presidents can pardon, including their relatives or spouses. Historically, the courts have interpreted the Constitution as giving the president virtually unlimited power to issue pardons to individuals or groups. However, presidents can only grant pardons for violations of federal laws. In addition, a presidential pardon only provides immunity from federal prosecution. It does provide protection from civil lawsuits. Clemency: Pardon or Commutation of Sentence â€Å"Clemency† is the general term used to describe the president’s power to grant leniency to persons who have violated federal laws. A â€Å"commutation of sentence† partially or completely reduces a sentence being served. It does not, however, overturn the conviction, imply innocence, or remove any civil liabilities that might be imposed by the circumstances of the conviction. A commutation may apply to prison time or to payments fines or restitution. A commutation does not alter a person’s immigration or citizenship status and does not prevent their deportation or removal from the United States. Likewise, it does not protect a person from extradition requested by other countries. A â€Å"pardon† is a presidential act of forgiving a person for a federal crime and is typically granted only after the convicted person has accepted responsibility for the crime and has demonstrated good conduct for a significant period of time after their conviction or completion of their sentence. Like a commutation, a pardon does not imply innocence. A pardon may also include forgiveness of fines and restitution imposed as part of the conviction. Unlike a commutation, however, a pardon does remove any potential civil responsibility. In some, but not all cases, a pardon eliminates the legal grounds for deportation. Under the Rules Governing Petitions for Executive Clemency, shown below, a person is not allowed to apply for a presidential pardon until at least five years after they have fully served any prison term imposed as part of their sentence. The President and the US Pardons Attorney​ While the Constitution places no limitations on the presidents power to grant or deny pardons, U.S. Pardon Attorney of the Department of Justice prepares a recommendation for the president on each application for presidential clemency, including pardons, commutations of sentences, remissions of fines, and reprieves. The Pardon Attorney is required to review each application according to the following guidelines (although the president is not obliged to follow, or even consider the recommendations of the Pardon Attorney). Rules Governing Petitions for Executive Clemency The rules governing petitions for presidential clemency are contained in Title 28, Chapter 1, Part 1 of the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations as follows: Sec. 1.1 Submission of petition; form to be used; contents of petition. A person seeking executive clemency by pardon, reprieve, commutation of sentence, or remission of fine shall execute a formal petition. The petition shall be addressed to the President of the United States and shall be submitted to the Pardon Attorney, Department of Justice, Washington, DC 20530, except for petitions relating to military offenses. Petitions and other required forms may be obtained from the Pardon Attorney. Petition forms for commutation of sentence also may be obtained from the wardens of federal penal institutions. A petitioner applying for executive clemency with respect to military offenses should submit his or her petition directly to the Secretary of the military department that had original jurisdiction over the court-martial trial and conviction of the petitioner. In such a case, a form furnished by the Pardon Attorney may be used but should be modified to meet the needs of the particular case. Each petition for executive clemency should include the informatio n required in the form prescribed by the Attorney General. Sec. 1.2 Eligibility for filing petition for pardon. No petition for pardon should be filed until the expiration of a waiting period of at least five years after the date of the release of the petitioner from confinement or, in case no prison sentence was imposed, until the expiration of a period of at least five years after the date of the conviction of the petitioner. Generally, no petition should be submitted by a person who is on probation, parole, or supervised release. Sec. 1.3 Eligibility for filing petition for commutation of sentence. No petition for commutation of sentence, including remission of fine, should be filed if other forms of judicial or administrative relief are available, except upon a showing of exceptional circumstances. Sec. 1.4 Offenses against the laws of possessions or territories of the United States. Petitions for executive clemency shall relate only to violations of laws of the United States. Petitions relating to violations of laws of the possessions of the United States or territories subject to the jurisdiction of the United [[Page 97]] States should be submitted to the appropriate official or agency of the possession or territory concerned. Sec. 1.5 Disclosure of files. Petitions, reports, memoranda, and communications submitted or furnished in connection with the consideration of a petition for executive clemency generally shall be available only to the officials concerned with the consideration of the petition. However, they may be made available for inspection, in whole or in part, when in the judgment of the Attorney General their disclosure is required by law or the ends of justice. Sec. 1.6 Consideration of petitions; recommendations to the President. (a) Upon receipt of a petition for executive clemency, the Attorney General shall cause such investigation to be made of the matter as he/ she may deem necessary and appropriate, using the services of, or obtaining reports from, appropriate officials and agencies of the Government, including the Federal Bureau of Investigation. (b) The Attorney General shall review each petition and all pertinent information developed by the investigation and shall determine whether the request for clemency is of sufficient merit to warrant favorable action by the President. The Attorney General shall report in writing his or her recommendation to the President, stating whether in his or her judgment the President should grant or deny the petition. Sec. 1.7 Notification of grant of clemency. When a petition for pardon is granted, the petitioner or his or her attorney shall be notified of such action and the warrant of pardon shall be mailed to the petitioner. When commutation of sentence is granted, the petitioner shall be notified of such action and the warrant of commutation shall be sent to the petitioner through the officer in charge of his or her place of confinement, or directly to the petitioner if he/she is on parole, probation, or supervised release. Sec. 1.8 Notification of denial of clemency. (a) Whenever the President notifies the Attorney General that he has denied a request for clemency, the Attorney General shall so advise the petitioner and close the case. (b) Except in cases in which a sentence of death has been imposed, whenever the Attorney General recommends that the President deny a request for clemency and the President does not disapprove or take other action with respect to that adverse recommendation within 30 days after the date of its submission to him, it shall be presumed that the President concurs in that adverse recommendation of the Attorney General, and the Attorney General shall so advise the petitioner and close the case. Sec. 1.9 Delegation of authority. The Attorney General may delegate to any officer of the Department of Justice any of his or her duties or responsibilities under Secs. 1.1 through 1.8. Sec. 1.10 Advisory nature of regulations. The regulations contained in this part are advisory only and for the internal guidance of Department of Justice personnel. They create no enforceable rights in persons applying for executive clemency, nor do they restrict the authority granted to the President under Article II, section 2 of the Constitution.

The Death Penalty Should Not Be Passed - 942 Words

Ohio legislators have opened up the prospect of having the death penalty revoked. The death penalty bill in Ohio should not be passed because it is humane, a needed consequence, and lowers heinous crimes. The death penalty has been in Ohio history since the 1800s. In these years, it has changed into an acceptable consequence. In a trial process, it is always considered last. The presence of the death penalty lowers crime in Ohio, provided that by eliminating murders, aspiring murderers are stopped. Although the death penalty has been around since the 1800 B.C. The history of the death penalty in Ohio has been a progress as Ohio solidified its laws and procedures. Ohio’s death penalty began with a public hanging until 1885 when the penalty was changed to only take place at the Ohio Penitentiary in Columbus. With the dawn of advanced technology, the electric chair became a more refined execution, replacing hanging. Mohr states that â€Å"from 1897 to 1963 there were 315 persons put to death in the electric chair†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (par. 2). Declared unconstitutional in 1972, the death penalty was reduced by the United States Supreme Court. A life in prison was sentenced to a hundred and fifty-seven criminals, however, Ohio did not altogether stop its penalty. Since then a bill was passed in 1993 that allowed prisoners to choose between death by lethal injection or electric chair. The November of 2001 the House Bill 362 was signed, eliminating the electric chair. Since 2001, only four out ofShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Passed925 Words   |  4 Pagesprospect of having the death penalty revoked. The death penalty bill in Ohio should not be passed because it is a humane, needed consequence, and lowers heinous crimes. The death penalty has been in Ohio history since the 1800s. In these years, it has changed into an acceptable consequence. In a trial process, it is always considered last. The presence of the death penalty keeps crime lower in Ohio as by eliminating murders stops aspiring murders. Although the death penalty has been around sinceRead MoreCapital Punishment Is Not A Better Than Life Imprisonment1400 Words   |  6 Pagesguidelines for what is punishable by death, but mostly murder or other capital offenses are what is punished. Capital punishment is not a better answer than life imprisonment. Capital punishment is wrong because there is a possibility of killing an innocent or mentally ill person, there is no evidence that it is deters crime, the cost is extremely expensive, and there is inconsistency in choosing a punishment for crime. Many people have been sentenced to death for a crime they did not commit. InnocentRead More Capital Punishment Essay - Death Penalty is Neither Cruel Nor Unusual1166 Words   |  5 PagesDeath Penalty is Neither Cruel Nor Unusual A man sits immobile in a steel chair with a metal cap resting on his bald head. A priest reads selections from the Bible telling him he will go to Heaven if he confesses his sins to God. The man just smiles as the security guard pulls the switch, and one thousand volts of electricity flows through the mans body. His entire frame shakes in convulsions as his head bobs up and down with the shock. In a couple of seconds the mans life is over. The priestRead MoreThe Punishment Permutation in the Philippines809 Words   |  3 Pagesno other way to put into words the dilemma that death penalty poses to the consciousness of individuals than J.R.R. Tolkien’s statement in The Fellowship of the Ring, in which he wrote, â€Å"Many that live deserve death. And some that die deserve life. Can you give it to them?† This predicament can be pointed out as one of the reasons why death penalty has been suspended and reestablished as the years go by in the Philippines. In the past, death penalty has been implemented during the times of FerdinandRead More Capital Punishment Essay1241 Words   |  5 Pageshundred years since the United States of America passed the Declaration of Independence, the Supreme Court legalized capital punishment (Appendix 1). Capital punishment executed for the crime of theft. Since then there have been an estimated 18,000 to 20,000 people lawfully executed(Espy pp.194). In the eighteenth century, England would punish by death for crimes such as pick pocketing and petty theft. After the 1650s colonist could be put to death for denying the true god or cursing their parentsRead MorePunishment Within Criminal Justice, Looking At Different Methods Of Punishment Essay1362 Words   |  6 Pagesoutbreaks of disease spread quickly. Typhoid and cholera were common and there was a high death rate amongst the prisoners.† (Bedfordshire County Council, Cambridgeshire County Council, East of England Broadband Network, 2006). Convicts were sentenc ed to a certain number on months on the ships completing hard labour, however many of the convicts were unable to complete the four to six-month journey due to death. Those that survived were very weak and frail due to scurvy, dysentery and fever, althoughRead More Capital Punishment: Not Cruel and Not Unusual Essay1276 Words   |  6 Pages Capital punishment and the practice of the death penalty is an issue that is passionately debated in the United States. Opponents of the death penalty claim that capital punishment is unnecessary since a life sentence accomplishes the same objective. What death penalty opponents neglect to tell you is that convicted murders and child rapists escape from prison every year(List of prison escapes, 2015). As I write this essay, police are searching for two convicted murders who escaped fromRead MoreThe Death Penalty : A Fact Finding Report Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesThe Death Penalty: A Fact-Finding Report The Death Penalty, also, known as, Capital Punishment, is the sentence of execution, for serious crimes punishable by death, through means prescribed by congress, through laws agreed upon by state legislatures (uslegal.com). Since, the first laws were established in the eighteenth-century, the topic of capital punishment has been met with vast amounts of controversy. Many Americans, have fought correspondingly, to repeal, change, and reinstate, capital punishmentsRead MoreDeath Penalty Injustice Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesThe death penalty has been the source of taking peoples lives by a lethal injection, so the executor wouldnt get blood on his or her hands. This is what I consider the easy way out of a violent crime, like murder cases. I see the death penalty as an injustice to the victims family because the offender is being killed off without having to suffer the consequences of his actions. The problem with the death penalty is that it models the action/behavior that is trying to be prevented. Doing thatRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Be Illegal1536 Words   |  7 Pageslife. Convicted persons are put to death under certain guidelines; such as age, and the crime that was committed. Certain laws such as the â€Å"Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996† (Supreme Court Rulings), â€Å"New Terrorism Crimes and Penalties† (Death Penalty Statutes), and Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (Death Penalty Laws) ensure that only those who are convicted of either acts of terror, homicides, and other life endangering crimes are put to death. These laws and newer technologies reduce

Benefits Motivation

Question: Explain Benefits Of Motivation For Team Members? Answer: As discussed by Nimehchisalem Mukundan (2011), argumentative appeals consist three basic elements; those are logical, emotional and ethical. A strong argument should always have the balanced logic, ethic and emotion. A valid or strong argument should always have the logical consideration or logos. Logical argument is very essential as well as important for making a strong appeal. Logical appeal (logos): This appeal involves the strategic utilization of claims, logic, evidence as well as proof etc. A logical appeal involves strong and clear claim, valid warrants, strong prove, like statistics, interview, personal experience etc. Ethical appeal (ethos): On the other hand, ethical appeal refers to the honest, broad minded and skillful presentation of the argument. Correctly presented ethical appeal defines the confident of a person about the subject. Ethical appeal shows the honest knowledge about the topic. Emotional appeal (Pathos): This appeal always targets the emotion of the reader in order to influence over them by creating emotional elements. Emotional appeal or pathos is one of the most important strategies for creating powerful argument. Emotional appeal helps to present the argument in logical manner with beauty. On the other hand, Escudeiro Escudeiro (2011) argued that, Toulmin model has discussed the model of argument with six parts. According to Toulmin, a good and effective argument always has the important six parts; those are data, claim, qualifiers, warrant, backing, rebuttals etc. This model is very useful and effective in order to analyze and investigate the matter of argument. The analysis takes place by scientific manner. Reference list Escudeiro, N., Escudeiro, P. (2011). Multinational undergraduate team work. Amsterdam: IOS Press. Nimehchisalem, V., Mukundan, J. (2011). Determining the Evaluative Criteria of an Argumentative Writing Scale. English Language Teaching, 4(1). doi:10.5539/elt.v4n1p58

Violent Crimes Reduction Essays - Criminal Law, Sentencing

Violent Crimes Reduction The actual "law" has five major moving parts. First there is the ballot initiative (i.e. Proposition 184), then there is the actual statute that was passed, and then there are three other code sections that identify the types of violations that count as "strikes" against you. Those other types of sections are labeled juvenile felonies, serious felonies, or violent felonies. In 1997 the Wisconsin State Assembly voted 86-8 to approve what many supporters call a "truth- in- sentencing" bill. The bill proposed that convicts should serve no less than 100 percent of their sentences as a get-tough-on-crime measure. The bill also would require prisoners to be under community supervision for at least 25 percent of their prison time after they are released. Wisconsin prisoners would stay behind bars for their entire sentence without any chance for parole. Both Three Strikes and Truth In Sentencing legislation have been advocated as punitive and deterrence strategies for reducing violent crime within our communities. Three Strikes laws impose long prison sentences for third felony convictions. These laws are designed to curb repetitive serious criminal behavior. Washington State enacted the first law of this type in 1993. Since then, more than two-dozen states and the federal government have enacted three strikes laws. The state of Minnesota doesn't have an official three strikes law, although it does have a law mandating a life sentence for certain sexual offenders who commit a third sexual offense. Minnesota requires a mandatory sentence of "at least the length of the presumptive sentence under the sentencing guidelines" for persons convicted of two or more prior felony convictions for violent crimes. Also, Minnesota's heinous crimes law requires the court to sentence an offender convicted of second-or-third-degree murder to the statutory maximum sentence if the offender was discharged from a prior "heinous crime" sentence within the past ten years . Robbery, theft, assault, and motor vehicle theft continues to decline. Is there a relationship between these types of crimes and those who are now incarcerated? It is generally recognized that a minority of criminals commit a majority of the crimes; therefore, one offender may be responsible for multiple incidents within a type of crime. In defending the three strikes legislation, California Governor Pete Wilson stated that two-thirds of violent crime perpetrated by less than 10% of convicted felons. He further related that during the first three years of the law, 2,900 violent criminals were imprisoned, while overall crime dropped 20%, with violent crime down 9.3% and property crimes down 14% . Most states have initiated tougher sentencing for habitual offenders and for crimes that have a link to additional criminal acts. Since 1990, the number of people in custody has risen more than 577,100 or 1,708 inmates per week. Today, more than 1.7 million people are confined in state, federal, and local correctional facilities. As the repeat offenders are taken off the streets, it is reasonable to expect that the repeatable crimes should significantly decline. In the 1980's, crime in Texas jumped 29% creating a ratio of eight crimes for every 100 citizens. During the 1990's, after the creation of additional prison space and a concerted effort to fill it with repeat offenders, the rate dropped to 5.6 crimes per 100, the lowest since 1973 . Some of the benefits and costs of the new law are that if fully implemented, the new law will reduce serious felonies committed by adults in California between 22 and 34 percent. This reduction in crime will be bought at a cost of an extra $4.5 billion to $6.5 billion per year in current dollars . The intent of the three-strikes law is, of course, to lock up repeat offenders longer, and that requires the construction and operation of more prisons. Some police and court costs may be saved in not having to deal so often with such offenders once they are locked up, but greater prison costs overwhelm such savings. Many questions arise when getting the new law all squared away such as alternatives. What would happen if the state got rid of"strikes" and instead guaranteed that those convicted of a serious crime serve their full sentence? In other words, what about adopting a law that sends those convicted of a serious felony to prison, eliminates "good time" for such felons so that they must serve their full term, and shifts some minor felons from prison to probation? It is necessary to compare the benefits and costs of the new law and these alternatives, relative to the old law. But for all the alternatives to

case study of G5 doll essays

case study of G5 doll essays Jenny Baker is the owner of G5 dolls, which are produce by the Get Set Club Company in Philadelphia. Before she ran this business, she borrowed $120,000 from her mother a further $250,000 from the bank. After the bank approved the loan in January 1999, she contacted the Hong Kong manufacturer to produce the G5 collection. So she could display her products at the American International Toy Fair in February 1999. G5 collection is female dolls similar to Barbie dolls that belong to the Mattel Company. The G5 range of dolls was designed in 1997 to have a realistic body style and facial feature based on real people. They are divided into 5 characteristics : an African-American, an Asia-American, a Latin-American, a blonde, and a redhead. They were also typical of several trends in the doll business : more ethnic dolls, natural-looking bodies, and casual teenager wardrobes. The advantage of G5 dolls is that their arms and legs are flexible while the strong competitor- Barbie dolls have limited movement only. Before Ms Baker launched the G5 doll collection on the market, she produce the product Happy to Be Me. But it was not successful because the Mattel Company, Barbie dolls, had such a strong hold on the toy distribution companies. Besides, Happy to Be Me were not so attractive. Thus, Ms Baker was now trying very hard to avoid another failure. Her target was to produce a range of dolls to be very attractive with natural proportions that would appeal to both parents and children. Baker had an idea to develop her product G5 dolls by interviewing her target groups, mostly, mothers and daughters. These groups suggested that G5 dolls legs were too short for a doll although the G5 doll was actually proportional to the average bodies of real people. Ms Baker followed the indication of her target group by elongation their legs. As a result of this, her target groups were accepted the modification and were th...

Roosevelt's First Inaugural Address Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Roosevelt's First Inaugural Address - Coursework Example In his inaugural address, Roosevelt directly blamed businessmen and bankers for being greedy and short-termed (Allswang, p. 89). Roosevelt believed that they were the villains that caused economic crunches and its moral dimensions.The first phase (1933-34) tried to deliver recuperation from the Great Depression. This was through programs that regulated business and agriculture, price stabilization, inflation, and public works. Getting-together in (1933) in special session, the Congress established several emergency organizations, remarkably the National Recovery Administration (NRA), the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) and the Public Works Administration and Civilian Conservation Corporation among others (Allswang, 1978). The Congress also instituted farm relief, stiffened finance and banking regulations, and established the Tennessee Valley Authority. Afterward, Democratic Congresses dedicated themselves to intensifying and modifying these laws. In 1934, Congress established the Federal Communications Commission and Securities and Exchange Commission and passed the National Housing Act, Trade Agreements Act and currency acts business (Allswang, p. 17).The second phase of the New Deal (1935-41), continued with relief and recovery measures, providing for economic and social legislation to help the mass of working people. In 1935, the social security system was set up. In the same year, the Work Projects Administration and National Youth Administration were established (Allswang, 1978). The Fair Labor Standards Act was approved in 1938. The Revenue Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 provided techniques to democratize the federal tax structure. In 1935, a number of New Deal methods were overturned by the Supreme Court, however; the National Recovery Administration was struck down and the subsequent year the Agricultural Adjustment Administration was annulled. President fruitlessly sought to reorganize the Su preme Court. Meanwhile, other laws were replaced for legislation that had been affirmed unconstitutional (Allswang, 1978).

Business Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Decision Making - Essay Example The price for the terrace house with 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms is ?395,000. The average price for 2-bedroom terrace house with 1 bathroom is ?364,999.67 with median ?370,000 which is not far from the mean. In this case, the ultimate basis for the decision as to how much will be the budget for the terrace house with 4 bedrooms and 4 toilets will be the mean and median. Notice how much increase was incurred from the mean of 2-bedroom terrace house with 1 bathroom to 3-bedroom terrace house with 2 bathrooms. The difference in the mean is ?30,000 and the difference in the median is ?25,000. In this case, there is a remarkable basis to approximate how much will be the probable price for a 4-bedroom terrace house with 4 toilets. Adding these remarkable differences to ?395,000, then the average price-mean for a 4 bedroom terrace will be 420,000 and the average median-price will be approximately ?425,000. These are all approximate values, but the trend for the actual employed values is take n into account. 2.3 There are many ways on how to analyse data using measures of dispersion. The measure of dispersion will inform us whether a distribution is normal or abnormal (Rachev et al., 2005; Rubin, 2012). For this reason, a statistical analyst can generate this idea by solving the value of skewness and kurtosis using the following formula (Basu, 2009; Celsi et al., 2011). Sk = [3(x – Md)/SD, where x is the mean, Md is the median and SD is the standard deviation. Ku = Q/(P90 – P10) where Q = (Q3-Q1)/2, and P90 and P10 are corresponding percentile ranks. Below are the computed values for dispersion using the given data. Property type Skewness Kurtosis 2 bedroom flat 1.19 2.89 3 bedroom flat 0.69 1.85 2 bedroom terrace house -0.59 1.50 3 bedroom terrace house 0 0 3 bedroom semi-detached house 0.60 1.80 The rule states that if the skewness is equal to zero and kurtosis equals 0.265, then the distribution is normal or the dispersion is most likely following a norm al distribution. The data are equally distributed from its central location like mean or median. In the above given data, it seems that most data are highly dispersed to the right, and with high vertical dispersion because each kurtosis tends to be leptokurtic in nature because of the positive value. On the other hand, a correlation coefficient cannot only test the relationship between the data sets, but the degree of their variation, and at some point this will have meaningful implication on their actual dispersion. The table below shows the correlation values generated from the data sets concerning the price, and the number of bedrooms and bathrooms. Correlation Number of bedrooms Number of bathrooms Price 0.42 0.13 The generated values as shown in the above table only shows that there is a significant point to justify the information generated on the data’s skewness and kurtosis, because the poor correlation signifies that the given values are varied and most likely not to follow a certain pattern or trend. 2.4 Based on the information from 2.3, skewness and kurtosis are obtained by employing the values for quartiles and percentiles. These means that quartiles and percentiles have strong role to play to help us identify the actual level of dispersion of the data, because they all have the necessary information to tell us something about the distribution of the data sets and the actual variation. In other words, they have the credibility to inform us of

Cognitive Behavioral Theory Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Behavioral Theory Essay Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a short-term, problem-centered therapy that is used to address psychopathology within the individual (Beck, 1995). This model of therapy is used to address issues of depression, anxiety, eating disorders, relational problems, and drug abuse, and can be utilized when working with individuals, as well as within group and family modalities. The core aspects of this therapy include collaboration and participation by the client, a strong alliance between therapist and client, and an initial focus on current problems and functioning (Beck, 1995). The theory of CBT emphasizes the relationship between the individual’s thoughts feelings and behaviors, which is seen as being the underlying cause of psychopathology in individuals. Therefore, this theory asserts that the identification, evaluation, and modification of one’s negative thoughts will lead to an improvement in one’s mood and behaviors (Beck, 1995). It is important to understand the concepts and theory from which CBT is based in order for it to be efficiently implemented in therapeutic work with individuals, groups, or families. While CBT is used to treat psychological disorders, this theory can be examined by looking at the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individual’s with an absence of psychopathology. Beck (1979) and Beck (1995) present the cognitive model in order to explain the theory of CBT. The cognitive model demonstrates that the emotions that an individual experiences and the behaviors that they exhibit are a result of their perception of a situation or event (Beck, 1995). When in any given situation, an individual’s immediate thought response is their automatic thought (Beck, 1995). These thoughts are an immediate evaluation of the situation, which in turn directly influence the feeling that a person has about the situation. Automatic thoughts are experienced by everyone and occur in the individual’s mind prior to reasoning. These thoughts occur swiftly and often times the individual may be unaware that they have occurred, being more observant of the emotion that they are feeling in the moment (Beck, 1995). Once an automatic thought occurs within the individual, it triggers a feeling, which in turn triggers the individual’s response, such as a behavior and/or physiological response. For example, after a young child begins to pick up his blocks to be put away, his mother rubs him on the back and gives him praise for his actions. His automatic thought may be, â€Å"I am good when I put away blocks,† triggering a feeling of confidence, an increased level of physical energy, and the behavior of putting away the remaining blocks. Automatic thoughts can be neutral, positive, or negative. We all have our own automatic thoughts as we move through our day-to-day lives and interact with others. In regards to individuals with psychological disorders, the cognitive model looks at how negative thoughts influence the individual’s feelings and behaviors (Beck, 1995). From a CBT lens, it is the negative automatic thoughts that an individual has that perpetuate symptoms of psychological disorders, the occurrence of negative mood, uncomfortable physiological responses, and maladaptive or inappropriate behaviors (Beck, 1995). While we all have moments of experiencing negative automatic thoughts, for those with psychological disorders, and more pervasive difficulties in living, negative thoughts are often experienced in situations that are neutral, producing negative feelings that lead to maladaptive behaviors or responses that would not typically be expected from the neutral situation (Beck, 1995). Aaron Beck presents theory of the cognitive model of how depression is rooted and perpetuated in individuals as a result of the interaction between negative automatic thoughts, feelings, and behavioral response. In this discussion, depression is conceptualized in terms of the cognitive triad, which describes three components of negative thinking of the depressed individual: the individual’s negative view of self, their negative view of the others and the world, and their negative view of the future (Beck, Rush, Shaw, Emery, 1979). The cognitive triad is maintained via the remaining components of Beck’s cognitive model of depression, the individual’s schemas, or core beliefs, and the utilization of faulty thinking, or cognitive errors (Beck, Rush, Shaw, Emery, 1979). Cognitive theory asserts that our automatic thoughts are rooted in our core belief system or cognitive schemas. Core beliefs begin to be developed early in life and are based on experiences that the individual has throughout their life. Because these beliefs are so grounded in how the individual views their life, others, and the world, and begin to be cultivated so early in development, they become a fundamental aspect of the individual, who considers them to be absolute truths (Beck, 1995). Core beliefs are deeply rooted in an individual, so much so that the individual may be unaware of the belief and how it influences their thoughts about themselves and the world. Each belief can have varying levels of presence within an individual’s day to day life, with some core beliefs remaining predominately dormant and only being activated in certain situations, while others may be frequently present in an individual’s thoughts (Beck, 1995). It is the individual’s cognitive schemas that allows for the categorization and evaluation of different experiences or situations (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979). The core belief system maintains the way an individual experiences and thinks about a given situation (Beck, Rush, Shaw, Emery, 1979). While everyone conceptualizes a given situation in their own way, each individual typically conceptualizes similar situations in a similar way based on their own core beliefs (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979). Within a set of similar situations, the individual’s core beliefs trigger automatic thoughts, which in turn trigger the individual’s emotional and behavioral response. Over time, the individual’s responses to similar situations become more consistent, thereby causing the development of a routine response to these types of situations. As this consistently occurs, the schema connected to particular type of event is further developed and the individual’s assertion that the belief holds absolute truth is strengthened (Beck, Rush, Shaw, Emery, 1979). Beck’s theory underlying CBT focuses on the idea that symptoms of depression, as well as those of other psychological disorders, are developed and maintained through to the individual’s negative core beliefs and triggered negative thoughts. In addition to the individual’s negative schemas, Beck’s theory states that the cognitive triad of negative cognitions of self, others, and future is further perpetuated through patterns of faulty thinking (Beck, Rush, Shaw, Emery, 1979). There are a variety of faulty thinking mechanisms that are used by individual’s to support their automatic thoughts and core beliefs, even in light of contradictory evidence (Beck, Rush, Shaw, Emery, 1979). This type of thinking can be characterized as labeling, over generalizing, personalization, emotional reasoning, magnification or minimization, and all-or-nothing or impetrative thinking (Beck, 1995). These cognitive errors are often extreme and unrealistic ways in which the individual assesses and draws conclusions regarding their problems, which is then used to further support their negative belief system and automatic thoughts. CBT theory declares that the individual can learn to identify their automatic thoughts, thereby creating an avenue for changing the emotions, behaviors, and psychological responses to various situations. When utilizing CBT with a client, it is necessary for the therapist to conceptualize the individual’s presenting problems from the perspective of the cognitive model (Beck, 1995). This can be done through the work of gathering information regarding the individual’s current problems, diagnosis, and how the problems have been developed and maintained. As this information is collected, the CBT therapist begins to assess and identify the inaccurate and unhelpful thoughts connected to the problems, and the behaviors that are exhibited as a result of this thinking (Beck, 1995). As this is done, the therapist can then begin to guide the individual to identify, examine, and correct or modify the negative automatic thoughts, underlying core beliefs, and faulty thinking mechanisms that have sustained the presenting problems (Beck, 1995).

A Womans Awakening :: essays research papers

The novel The Awakening by Kate Chopin tells the story of a woman who is married and has an awaking of her true feelings. The situation is very complex and Edna cannot handle the complexity of it. In the end she commits suicide. The novel The Awakening by Edna is described as a woman who is strong and able to persue her dreams. The novel also shows how people should live their lives for themselves instead of other people. Chopin uses characterization and symbolism to develop the meaning of the novel The Awakening. Ethan From is seen as a tragic person. He dreams of escaping his farm and living a life outside of Starkfield. Ethan was forced to leave college to care for his aging and ailing parents. He married Zeena because he feared loneliness and felt he owed her something for her help with his parents. Ethans character is described in the beginning of the novel as a man in his fifties, disabled, silent, and a farmer. Physically Ehtan is tall and bent-looking. His circumstances have made him weak. Ethan is a man of bad luck who is in his current situation due to circumstances and not by choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Edith Wharton portrays the land in Starkfield as harsh, the people are hard and unfriendly, and poverty as a mean way of life.She uses the landscape to reflect the personality of the characters. Her choice of winter is a symbol of the barrenness of the characters' lives. They are cold and isolated, like the temperature outside. The situations and conflicts are represented by Frome's stony landscape, the old apple trees, and the graveyard. In conclusion, Kate Chopin uses characterization and symbolism to develop the meaning of the novel The Awakening.

Nursing Theory and Research Essay

What is nursing (caring) according to Fawcett (1984)? Nursing is defined by American Association (1980) as â€Å"the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems† (cited in Fawcett, 1984, pg. 84). Diagnosis, according to the nursing process is when the nurses identify the actual problems and find out how to treat them in order to prevent any potential problems. According to Walker, 1971) nursing is establishing limits or boundaries in terms of the person  providing care; person with health problems receiving care; the environment in which care is given and an end-state, well-being (cited in Fawcett, 1984). This is related to what I mentioned before that the four concepts are interrelated; they cannot work on their own. The connections among the four metaparadigm concepts were clearly identified by Donalson and Cowley (1978) which states that â€Å"nursing studies the wholeness or health of humans, recognizing that humans are in continuous interaction with their environments† (cited in Rolfe, 1996, pg.6). This statement may be considered the major proposition of nursing’s metaparadigm. B: Christensen’s (1990) Partnership Model: Christensen’s (1990) Partnership Model identify the concept of a partnership as a basis for involvement between a nurse and a patient. This concept provides a sound humanistic foundation for nursing practice. From the patient view point, a partnership of equality and respect provides security. From nurses, patients are vulnerable or faced a situation, which requires care from health services. The experience of partnership empowers and enables people when they are patients, and we believe that security proved by the nursing partnership is a basic human right for a patient. For a partnership to exist and work effectively, there must be a willingness from all partners to collaborate as equals, and then to jointly make decisions and endeavour to solve problems. Christensen (1990) described partnership is initiated when the patient is admitted to hospital and ceases when they go home. It is a continuous process, which offered ways of looking at what happened when a nurse offered learned expertise to a person who is going through a health related experience. The learned expertise is known as â€Å"nursing (caring). What is nursing (caring) according to Christensen (1990)? Although many nurses’ scholars described nursing according to their own research, Christensen (1990) defined nursing â€Å"when a nurse offered learned expertise to a person who is going through a health related experience† (pg.  47). Also, New Zealand Nurse’s Association (1990) defined nursing is a â€Å"specialised expression of caring, concerned primary with enhancing the ability of individuals and groups to achieve their health potential within the realities of their life situations (pg. 7). So, nursing is the actions or treatment to help the patient promote health not only part of his body, but nursing is looking at the person holistically. As discuss by Christensen (1990), the major work of nurse-patient partnership is commences at the time of admission to hospital and continues until the patient goes home, as mentioned before. We could see that the work of the nurse is dynamic and sensitive as nursing strategies are selectively used to ease the pathway of each patient through an individual passage. The passage, according to Christensen (1990) is a â€Å"social process, which can be used to describe an experience of a significant change in a person’s circumstances† (pg.26). It is characterised by the giving and receiving of nursing in order for the patient to make optimal progress through a health related experience. So, nursing is attending. According to Christensen (1990) attending takes place during the time of contact between the nurse and patient and also accompanies the patient through hospitalisation. Attending is the essence of partnership because it shows that nursing is caring and concerning about the change in patient’s life. Therefore, Christensen’s model of nursing partnership involved two or more people in a shared venture. It requires the nurse to view nursing as a collaborative between the nurse and the client. It initiated when the patient is admitted to hospital until they go home. It is a continuum process, which offered ways of looking at what happened when a nurse offered learned expertise to a person who is going through a health related experience. According to Peplau define nursing is â€Å"how to put the constitution in such a state as that it will have no disease†(Cited in Nightingale, 1992, pg. 48), which means what can and should nurses do to promote health, prevent illness and recovery from disease. As I mentioned above in Christensen’s model,  nurses work alongside with the patient but using nursing strategies to ease the path of the person by listening to them and taking heed of what they are saying. Moreover, is to comforting them in order to aid recovery from diseases they present. Harmer & Henderson (1995, cited in Rolfe, 1996) point out that the unique function of the nurse is to assist the individual, sick or well, in the performance of those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or peaceful death). In Christensen’s partnership model is very similar to this idea as to assist the patient and supporting during this journey of sickness or seeking help with things that they are unable to do for themselves. That is the goal of nursing is to use their knowledge to find the most efficient and effective ways of carrying out nursing procedures to help their partner in nursing care, as the patient. Moreover, according to attend, being their for the patient and spending time with him in order to understand their needs. Also, ministering which Christensen defines as a selective application of nursing knowledge and skills to meet the identified needs of the patient. Within that knowledge, nurses have a systematic body of knowledge that underpins practice, which means, they know what to do, how to do it and why they are doing it. For example, an eighteen months old baby was brought from theatre whom he had a Gastrostomy. I took observations on him for half hourly for two hours and hourly after that. Why do I have to do that, because to identify any signs and symptoms of haemorrhage which is potential for shock. That is the basic knowledge that I have taught so far that this baby has a tendency of bleeding. It was very important for me for these observations. According to Christensen (1990) that the work of the nurse is dynamic and sensitive as nursing responds to the immediacy of the patient’s situation. During this time the nurse and the patient negotiate their partnership by looking at the work of the nurse and the work of the patient in order to cushion the impact on the patient of the disturbances associated with hospitalisation. Moreover, according to Christensen (1990) the passage is â€Å"a social process  which can be used to describe an experience of a significant change in a person’s circumstances† (p.26). It is characterised by giving and receiving of nursing in order for the patient to make an optimal progress for a better health. In reality it may or may not lead to a beneficial passage. But, the work of the nurse begins as soon as the patient admitted to hospital. It is known as the beginning phase, which is to assist the client to attain the means, opportunities and the ability to act within the present circumstances, though the nurse-client partnership exists for all nursing goals and the expected outcomes may not always turn out as desired. The beginning is marked by the patient experiencing a health-related problem. The phase begins with awareness that something is wrong which requires an admission to hospital it may be days or weeks or whenever the patient takes responsible for his own self-management. This period precedes entry into the partnership, at the same time the patient prepares for the upcoming experience, whereas the nurse serves to make patient complete, whole being of a person or independent. And I believed this includes identifying the problems of the whole being of the person, that is, culturally, psychosocially and mentally. This relationship includes respect and acceptance of where the person is and the nurse’s openness to another person’s reality. Caring relationships occur with individuals and family and their significant others. According to Levine (1973) described nursing as â€Å"a human interaction. It is a discipline rooted in the organic dependency of the individual human being on his relationships with other human beings† (Cited in Fawcett, 1984, pg 122). She further describe nursing as â€Å"a subculture, possessing ideas and values which are unique to nurses, even though they mirror the social template which created them† (ibid, pg, 123). This is true with nursing is caring for another human being which have their own culture, ideas and values which recognise themselves from whom they come from. When we compare with Christensen’s model (1990), interpreting is the â€Å"attempt made by the nurse to attach meaning to the status of the patient and the situation† (pg. 42). Including observing, monitoring, analysing,  translating, conceptualising, synthesising and decision-making. When assessing the patient and collecting data, nurses should recognise the social issues and cultural needs of the patient in order to provide treatment that are suitable for them. Moreover, as Christensen stated that the intentional presence of the nurse is essential for coming to know and understand what it means to be human and humans in relationship or partnership. This knowledge provides the basis for the mutual selection of interventions that can promote health and self-determination. That is the essence of partnership is engaging the person in the process of their journey from the time they face the problem and come in to hospital until they go home. Partnership includes intimacy, trust, and authenticity. Furthermore, commitment, responsibility and accountability, which are the nature of nursing which Christensen identifies. Not only that, caring takes place within the context of a therapeutic relationship and is considered a moral vital of nursing. According to Henderson’s definition of nursing â€Å"I say that the nurse does for others what they would do for themselves if they had the strength, the will and knowledge. But I go on to say that the nurse makes the patient independent of him or her as soon as possible†. â€Å"Nurse serves to make patient â€Å"complete, whole† or independent† (Cited in USA Nursing Knowledge Consensus Conference, 1998) Conclusion: Although I found very difficult to understand Fawcett’s description of the metaparadigm but at the end I found this very interesting to know that metaparadigm is like a framework that help me in my practice. Nursing has a unique responsibility to promote, protect and restore the client’s holistic health. REFERENCES: Christensen, J. (1990) The Ethics of Care: Towards Partnership in Nursing, Lincoln University Press with Daphne Brasell Associates Ltd, London. Fawcett, J, (1984) The Metaparadigm of Nursing: Present Status and Future Refinements. Images: The journal of Nursing Scholarship, Vol. XVI, No. 3, pg. 84 – 7. Fawcett, J, (1984) Analysis and evaluation of conceptual models of nursing, F. A Davis Company, Philadelphia. USA Nursing Knowledge Consensus Conference, 1998, Consensus Statement on Emerging Nursing Knowledge, A value-Based Position Paper Linking Nursing knowledge and Practice Outcomes, Boston, Massachusetts

Demonstrative Adjectives in Spanish

Demonstrative adjectives are those adjectives whose function is to point at something. In English, the singular demonstrative adjectives are this and that, while their  plurals are these and those, respectively. (Some grammarians refer to them as demonstrative determiners.) Key Takeaways: Spanish Demonstrative Adjectives The demonstrative adjectives or determiners of Spanish — este, ese, and aquel along with their plural and feminine forms — are used in much the same was as this, that, these, and those are used as adjectives or determiners in English.Both ese and aquel are rough equivalents of that. Aquel is used in referring to entities that are further away in time, distance, or emotional sentiment than entities that use ese.When demonstratives are used with items in a series, they typically are used for each item, unlike in English. Unlike English, Spanish has three sets of demonstrative adjectives, which vary by number and gender, so there are 12 in all: singular masculineeste (this)ese (that)aquel (that)plural masculineestos (these)esos (those)aquellos (those)singular feminineesta (this)esa (that)aquella (that)plural feminineestas (these)esas (those)aquellas (those) Note that the masculine singular forms dont end in -o. Where To Place Demonstrative Adjectives The demonstrative adjectives typically are placed before the nouns they modify. They must match the noun in both number and gender. A few examples: Me gusta este perro. (I like this dog.)Prefiero estas computadoras. (I prefer these computers.)Voy a comprar ese coche. (Im going to buy that car.)Me gustan aquellas casas. (I like those houses.) Ese or Aquel? Although ese and aquel and their related forms can be translated as that or those, there are distinctions in meaning. Ese and its related forms are more common, and youre generally safe to use them when in English youd use that or those. However, aquel and its related forms refer to something thats farther away in terms of distance, emotion, or time. Although ese and its forms can be used for an object near the speaker or listener, aquel cannot. The distinction, if not made clear by context, can be translated in various ways, as these examples indicate: Me gustan esos perros. (I like those dogs.)Me gustan aquellos perros. (I like those dogs over there.)No quiero esa casa. Quiero aquella casa. (I dont want that house. I want that house farther back.) ¿Recuerdas esos dà ­as? (Do you remember those days?) ¿Recuerdas aquellos dà ­as? (Do you remember those days long ago?) Items in a Series When two or more items are in a series, the demonstrative adjective must be used with each item. While in English we would say those dogs and cats, in Spanish we would say esos perros y esos gatos. Use of just one demonstrative adjective in this case, as in esos perros y gatos, would imply that were talking about animals that are a cross between a cat and a dog. Sample Sentences Using Demonstrative Adjectives Perseverancia: Pocos entienden el valor de esa palabra. (Perseverance: Few understand the value of that word.) Esta idea puede cambiar tu futuro. (This idea can change your future.) Siempre que veo la televisià ³n y veo a esos pobres nià ±os hambrientos en todo el mundo, no puedo evitar llorar. (Whenever I watch television and see those poor hungry children everywhere, I cant keep from crying.) Yo sabà ­a que era este mes pero no ese dà ­a. (I knew that it was this month but not that day.) Vuelvo a vivir aquellas experiencias que tuve hace muchos aà ±os. (Im going to relive those experiences I had many years ago.) Estas manos pueden construir una casa. (These hands can build a house.) Aquellos ojos azules irradiaban una luz que era casi tangible. (Those blue eyes radiated a light that was almost tangible.) Gracias por esa leccià ³n de vida. (Thank you for that lesson in life.) Esta persona no es mi amigo. (This person is not my friend.) Hay riesgos si abandonamos esas costumbres nuevas y olvida aquellas enseà ±anzas milenarias. (There are risks if we abandon those new customs and forget those traditional teachings.) Se llama radiogalaxia a aquella galaxia que irradia energà ­a con gran potencia en forma radioondas. (That galaxy that radiates powerful energy in the form of radio waves is called a radio galaxy.)   Aquel aà ±o descubrà ­ que mi à ºnico rival no era mà ¡s que mis propias debilidades. (That day I discovered that my only enemy wasnt anything more than my own weaknesses.)

Uk Supermarket Financial Analysis - 5179 Words

Blue CLASS, Group 4 | J Sainsbury plc | Financial reporting and analysis assignment | | | | Group members: Daryush Arabnia Petra Buckley Luca Buonocore Sudarshan Mohanasundaram Jingsi Yang Chapter1 Short description of the activities performed J Sainsbury plc is a leading food retailer in the United Kingdom. J Sainsbury plc was founded in 1869 and today operates a total of 934 stores comprising 557 supermarkets and 377 convenience stores. It jointly owns Sainsbury’s Bank with Lloyds Banking Group and has two property joint ventures with Land Securities Group PLC and The British Land Company PLC. The Sainsbury’s brand is built upon a heritage of providing customers with healthy, safe, fresh and tasty food.†¦show more content†¦s | 9,850 | 85.13% | 9,185 | 83.21% | 8,631 | 84.44% | | Total assets | 11,571 | 100.00% | 11,038 | 100.00% | 10,222 | 100.00% | LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | 2011 | % | 2010 | % | 2009 | % | Short-term liabilities | Short-term trade payables | 1,836 | 15.87% | 1,782 | 16.14% | 1,728 | 16.90% | Short-term other payables | 511 | 4.42% | 461 | 4.18% | 508 | 4.97% | Short-term accruals and deferred income | 250 | 2.16% | 223 | 2.02% | 252 | 2.47% | Taxes payable | 201 | 1.74% | 200 | 1.81% | 202 | 1.98% | Short-term borrowings | 74 | 0.64% | 73 | 0.66% | 154 | 1.51% | Short-term derivative financial instruments | 59 | 0.51% | 41 | 0.37% | 56 | 0.55% | Short-term provisions | 11 | 0.10% | 13 | 0.12% | 19 | 0.19% | Total short-term liabilities | 2,942 | 25.43% | 2,793 | 25.30% | 2,919 | 28.56% | | Long term liabilities | Deferred income tax liabilities (refer to problem 4) | 344 | 2.97% | 327 | 2.96% | 284 | 2.78% | Long-term other payables | 3 | 0.03% | - | 0.00% | - | 0.00% | Long-term accruals and deferred income | 117 | 1.01% | 106 | 0.96% | 92 | 0.90% | Long-term borrowings | 2,339 | 20.21% | 2,357 | 21.35% | 2,177 | 21.30% | Long-term derivative financial instruments | 0 | 0.00% | 2 | 0.02% | 8 | 0.08% | Long-term provisions | 62 | 0.54% | 66 | 0.60% | 57 | 0.56% | Retirement benefit obligations | 340 | 2.94% | 421 | 3.81% | 309 | 3.02% | Total long-term liabilities | 3,205 | 27.70% | 3,279 | 29.71% | 2,927 |Show MoreRelatedIntroduction to J. 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Autism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd ) - 1789 Words

Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is the name for a group of developmental disorders. ASD is a complex disorder and each individual that suffers from it has a unique set of conditions. The symptoms of individuals with ASD vary in severity. (Lilienfeld et al., 2017, p. 603) The autism spectrum includes classical autism, Asperger s syndrome, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). These disorders all involve social and communication difficulties, as well as repetitive behaviours and narrow interests. Considering Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological developmental disorder, parents and caregivers can detect signs of autism†¦show more content†¦Firstly, autistic individuals have difficulty understanding what is happening around them. The lack of understanding could be dangerous to their own well being and safety. This lack of understanding and awareness is largely d ue to their inability to communicate effectively with others and interpret social cues. Further, this causes autistic individuals a lot of anxiety and insecurity on a day to day basis (Gillot et al. 2001). They try to relieve this stress and anxiety by performing repetitious behaviours (i.e. rocking). In more extreme cases, an autistic individual may also throw tantrums that involve kicking, and biting. This may be hard for their parents, families and caregivers because autism isn’t a physical disability so the public may be quick to judge them for such â€Å"odd† behaviours (Groden et al., 1994). The public may think that the parent isn’t properly controlling their child. As an adult, the autistic individuals’ public tantrums may be attributed to crazy behaviour. This may lead to the individual and his/her family to be isolated (Autism Bedfordshire, 2016). This just increases their already high anxiety and may lead to mental issues such as depression. Ad ditionally, as adults, individuals with ASD are associated with increased risk of violent offending compared with the general population (Langstrom et al., 2009). Furthermore, the inherent variability that exists when considering a spectrum disorder makes it difficult to have one set treatment for theShow MoreRelatedAutism Spectrum Disorder ( Asd )1722 Words   |  7 Pagesin every sixty-eight births are diagnosed with the Autism spectrum disorder in other words (ASD), which is about one percent of the world’s population. And that more than three point five million people in America live with a person who has the Autism spectrum disorder. We all know that Autism is a spectrum disorder in which an abnormality is developed in the brain. It is a long life condition that has no cure for itself. 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Use and develop systems that promote communication free essay sample

There are many groups of people a Manager needs to communicate with in order to do the job effectively and efficiently. Staff need to be one of the first and most important groups. A Manager running a 24 hour service must recognise their staff are the promoters and advocates of the service in a Managers absence, next would be the service users themselves. Any service will have other health professionals attached, such as GP’s, OT’s, speech and language therapists. Families need to be included in any changes, or plans for the service, and close friends of individuals. Case Managers, commissioners and if registered, CQC all must be kept current, along with Operation and Regional Managers of the organisation. 1. 2 Communication in a service has to be constantly monitored and adapted if not proving to be effective. A communication book is an excellent communication tool, staff make a note of any appointments, telephone calls, meetings that have happened during their shift. When staffs come on duty they must first read the communication book, and then sign each entry. This way the Manager can be sure all staff has had the information. Staffs have a handover period of time, as one shift goes off duty, and as the next shift start. It is important to have a process, for example if working in a nine bedded service, start with room 1 and discuss anything relevant to that service user, then room 2 etc. That way no one individual is left out, this can often happen when there has been an incident surrounding 1 or 2 people, the handover can then be dominated by the incident and things can be forgotten. Handover sheets are a CQC requirement. This will indicate who is leading the shift, fire officer, first aider and who is responsible of medication. It will have a detailed list of jobs required, and staff sign once these have been completed. Within the handover sheet will be other forms that may need completing depending on the happenings of the day or the day of the week. This could include, water temperatures, menu planning, laundry, house shopping. Incident sheets are also mandatory, and can lead a change of outcome or procedure. Each service should have a procedure to follow when completing an incident sheet, and a list of people who the require a copy of the completed form. Supervision is a more person centred form of communication, as is Annual Performance Reviews of staff. Staff meetings are a place where roles and responsibilities can be agreed, and Managers can see which individuals are on board with a possible change, and who may need support/training. Emails are now a major part of communication in a service, and can be almost immediate if waiting for a response, a good way of ensuring emails have reached, and been read, are to attach a response flag to the email, this will indicate to the sender that the email has been opened. House meetings are an essential way for staff to learn if there are outstanding issues within the home, some service users prefer to speak when in a group, they need the safety net of others. Advocates often hold meetings in the service, and service users decide if they would like staff present. Service Managers should liaise with the advocate to ensure any issues or concerns raised can be addressed. Reviews of individuals are held every 6 months, case Managers, family, friends, other health professionals and any relevant day care units are all invited, this is an arena for goals and changes to be set in motion. Each service user will have a key worker, a member of staff who is responsible for the necessary paperwork for that person. The key worker will update the care plan, a person centred document which holds all the information on each individual. Any changes to routine, health, medication are recorded and notes for each review are made from the information gathered in the plan. As a Manager of a registered service all of the paperwork and policies and procedures in the home will be inspected annually by an inspector from the Care Quality Commission (CQC). The Care Standards Act 2000 introduced regulations to protect the privacy and dignity of people receiving care. it has put in place an independent regulatory system regarding care services. This can be challenging for the staff of a service as the CQC standards can be conflicting with the commissioners (the borough that are paying for the individuals to live in each home) standards. Alongside this organisations can have uniform paperwork that is expected to be in place, the Operations Manager to the service will do a monitoring visit to each home on a monthly basis, and could ask for a procedure to change, or to implement a new piece of legislation. The Manager would then need to send a copy of the proposed change to both the CQC and local commissioner for approval. Another challenge to effective communication is part time employment. Waiting for a response to something urgent, when the person concerned is not back at work for 2 days is frustrating. It also means effective handover periods and staff communication is essential. This is when the communication book, and minutes to meetings that have taken place, are vital. They support the lines of communication. Staff sickness is a challenge, if short notice and agency staff has to be used, this puts pressure on the permanent staff member, as they have to ensure the temporary staff is aware of their duties as well as carrying out their own responsibilities. Some long term members of staff can show reluctance to change, and communication can break down, especially if a relatively new member of the team has an idea. Staff can dismiss the idea, or believe the ‘old way works fine’. Families can also believe they know what’s best for their siblings/children, even when they possibly haven’t lived together for years. The service user may be involved in a relationship or an activity they do not wish their family to know about, and this can cause families to challenge staff as they believe staff are hiding things or withholding information they believe they should be party to. 1. 4 Please see 2. 3 1. 5 Everyone responds in different ways to a situation. A good Manager will know their staff team and their service user group and will choose the correct way/time to communicate with them. An individual with a hearing or speech problems will respond to being in a small group or one to one session when being faced with an important issue to be discussed, Makaton or sign language can be used, or a pictorial aid. To increase awareness to sign language a ‘sign of the week’ could be introduced. The individual who uses signs can choose a word that is important to them, or a word they use most when excited or upset and their verbal communication lets them down. This can be put up in pictorial form on the notice board, and discussed with both staff and service users, staff can encourage everyone to use this sign. It gives the home another passage of communication. Managers who have something important to discuss with their team may prefer to have a meeting off site, and if faced with a new approach or major change a team building day or training course may be useful. Some families liked to be informed of anything that is happening to their loved one, and they like to speak to the Manager to assure them. Others may not need that level of contact and may email occasionally for an update. As a Manager you will know the families and if an email or phone call avoids conflict make a note in your diary weekly/monthly to contact a family member. This can ensure the families don’t speak directly to the service user and cause unnecessary upset. Staff who have been on annual leave or away sick should be given time on their return to read all necessary paperwork in order for them to be up to date in the happenings of the service. Ensure staffs sign all entries they have read, this is evidence for the Manager all information has been passed on. Head Office requires certain administration details, sickness, annual leave, pay increments. These types of details are recorded monthly on a ‘staff return’ form and processed at head office. 2. 1 All service users must have an up to date Care Plan and Assessment of Needs from the Care Manager in compliance with the Community care Act 1990. Care plans are the core of any service, and should be updated each time there has been a medical visit, one to one discussion, planning any changes to routine. These are always reviewed by CQC, commissioners and your own organisation. The object of a care plan is to ensure every need of the individual has been looked at and is being met. It should look at the person, not the disability, it should be looking at always promoting independence while always considering the person involved. An assessment of needs, which can also be referred to as a skills analysis, is a very useful document. It can monitor progression and deterioration and action can be taken to reflect this. This should be updated yearly, however if at any time the staff feel action should be taken outside of the time scale of one year, a meeting would be called to discuss an action plan and this would be acted upon. Risk assessments are an essential part of any care plan. They underpin the independence of each person and ensure all aspect of the situation has been discussed and any risk eliminated. As result this could show the risk is too great, this should not mean the idea ends here, it should be an opportunity to look at others ways to reach a positive outcome. Positive outcomes are what CQC and commissioners want to see, if you can show the process through the care plan, risk assessment and one to one meetings you can ensure all inspectors your duty of care to the service user was foremost in all planning. Each service user has the right to an annual review which should be attended by their case manager, or a reprehensive from that organisation. Due to restraints on time this is not always the case. Managers should ensure the review takes place and the minutes are forwarded if unattended by social services. This is the opportunity for service users to discuss the previous year, they can invite anyone they wish to attend, and minutes are recorded. Service user meetings should be held monthly, again these minutes will be inspected by CQC and the commissioner as these meetings are a requirement in the CQC standards. These meetings can be open to discuss many things, choosing colour schemes for the home, furniture or re designing their rooms and garden. When a communal room is due for an update the service users will agree on a scheme that pleases them all. This would also be noted in their care plans, their particular preferences and with regard to environment including any cultural needs. 2. 2 All of the communication systems in place in any service are only effective if they are being used. Managers should be monitoring these systems and ensuring they are working correctly. If it is practise for each member of staff to sign entries in a communication book, Managers should question why, if this is not happening. Use supervision sessions with staff to discuss why a procedure has been over looked and constantly update a system that appears to be struggling. Have a procedure that works for you to monitor systems in your home. Use your electronic diary to schedule monitoring a practise, or the desk diary. Have a list on your desk to check a different system each day or week. Use your staff, delegate through supervision or team meetings a different policy or procedure to each member of staff. It then becomes their responsibility and you can look at the effectiveness of this in supervision sessions. It is important to remember you are part of a team and staff should be as responsible as the Manager in wanting all practises to be upheld. 2. 3 An issue when working for a large organisation is the office hours of head office staff. To ensure you can get the response you need, take time to put a list together of the working hours and direct telephone numbers for key people for your service. Evidence is essential when working in a busy service, if you have a new policy or procedure to introduce, make a list of all staff in your service, including casual staff. Put this in front of the policy and through the communication book ask staff to sign next to their name once they have read the policy. Managers can then check the sheet to see who has read it without having to ask each staff member, or write another reminder. Discuss training at each team meeting, record this on to a training matrix. You can use the system to highlight to you when mandatory training is needed, and if this can be attached to your company intranet, it can also show you of any future training courses relevant to your staff and service. Attend your local forums; this is an excellent way of meeting other service providers and passing on good practises. Monitoring other services within your organisation is another good way of sharing good working systems and staff attending team meetings at other homes can bring on answers to a problem or concern that has arisen in your service. Use large distribution lists on your email. Most organisations will have all service Managers under one heading, email your query to everyone at once, someone may have already have the answer/form /system you require. 2. 4 If you are part of a large organisation, utilise the wealth of knowledge and experiences. Use your regional meetings to record the specialised fields your colleagues have trained in. Have a list of email addresses and telephone numbers, this can be delegated to staff, not everything needs to be led by the Manager. If you know of a service where someone who worked in a particular service before and has firsthand knowledge of a situation, ask the key worker of the individual you want to support to contact them. Make sure you give the member of staff the time to visit if necessary, and give them a slot at your next team meeting to feed back to the rest of the team. Training can come in all sorts of guises. Use health care professionals attached to your service, most speech therapists will come in at your team meeting and give some advice on the way to support an individual. These can sometimes be more useful than a whole training session as they are person centred because you all know the service user you want to support. Include the service users in training where relevant. Fire safety, food and hygiene, health and safety are areas that are important for everyone to be aware of the risks. It promotes independence for the individual and empowering for them to be involved in the running of their home. 3. 1 Partnership working in any service needs to be built on a mutual trust and respect. Once you have this within your relationship it ensures good honest practise. If you have attended a meeting, always ensure you leave the meeting with a clear understanding of what is expected of you and what you expect from others. Give yourself a time limit to work to and if that isn’t looking possible be sure to contact the parties involved so they are aware of any delay. Use organisational paperwork whenever possible, this will be useful for whoever is monitoring your service if they are responsible for several different homes, their time within your service will be limited. It can be better spent than trawling through forms if they know what to look for monitoring can be simplified. Know your role and the role of other professionals attached to the home. Don’t waste time discussing an issue with someone who cannot support you, go directly to the individual who is responsible and who within their role can best help you. Do not be afraid to challenge, it can be healthy in partnerships to be honest and tell someone directly what is it you need from them. You do not always need to like the person you are dealing with, but you can respect their position and the role they play. 3. 2 Sharing records through email is can be an effective way of communication and it’s fast. However always be mindful of who can have access to information that could be confidential. Use the response system on your email so you have a record to show your email has been read. Using uniform paperwork is effective, but if it’s not completely suitable for each of your service users adapt it and as long as you share the changes with all relevant parties this should be acceptable. Evidencing through your service is a common and effective way to communicate your needs to others, you can show the system works/fails by having the evidence at hand. One to one meetings are still a much needed form of communication, this is where you build your relationships with individuals, emails and telephone calls are easier once you have met. Agree on a frequency you are going to communicate, make a note of when you next need to contact the relevant person. Good working partnerships are essential to ensure the rights outcomes you want for your service. 3. 3 All of the communication system previous mentioned, can be adapted to best fit the needs of the individual service user. Use your team meetings to throw open a discussion, brain storm concerns the team may be experiencing. Be ready to welcome new ideas and often you will find yourself in the role of mediator. Look at everyone’s point of view before make any decisions that will cause a major change. Be ready to compromise and adapt the original idea, perhaps with reviews attached to the change. Ask everyone to monitor the concept and bring their findings to the next meeting. Always set timescales and be sure everyone is on board with this. Ask individual people you are liaising with their preferred method of communication. Someone may be happy to correspond through emails only, while others may prefer a meeting or telephone call. Know your network of professionals and use them. Don’t be afraid to ask their advice or support when faced with a situation which is new to you. People would rather be able to help than be waiting for a piece of work you may not have even started. 4. 1 Managers are bound by standard 9, in the Care Standards and article 8 of the Human Rights Act. This clearly states what information is required and how to store the information. Records will need to be kept in a secure place in accordance with the standards, and any information stored on a computer should be accessed with a password only by the Manager or named person. As employers, you will need to be aware of the data Protection Act (1998) Data Protection Act (1998) An employer holds personal data on all employees and service users (in the case of the care industry) and therefore has to adhere to the Data Protection Act. An employer must respect confidentiality at all times and: †¢Process personal data fairly and lawfully †¢Ensure personal data is, adequate, relevant and not excessive †¢Ensure personal data is accurate, and where necessary kept up to date †¢Ensure personal data is not kept for any longer than is necessary †¢Process personal data in accordance with the rights of the individuals to whom the information relates. †¢Ensure that personal data is not transferred to a country outside the EEU (unless the country to which the information is to be sent ensures and adequate level of protection for data. Freedom of Information Act The Freedom of Information Act enables people to gain access to information held by public authorities in two ways: †¢Publication Schemes – every public authority must make some information available through publication schemes. A publication scheme is both a public commitment to make certain information available and a guide on how that information can be obtained. †¢General Right of Access – people have a right to make a request for any information held by a public authority and the authority has to comply with the Act by responding. This right came into force on the 1st January 2005. Although these are clear guidelines on sharing information, confidentiality can still be an issue within a home. Families are questionable, they believe they have a right to their relations personal details and do not understand if they are not given all of the details. As a Manager your duty of care lies with the service user, and if they have asked for some of their information not to be shared, you must adhere to their wishes. However, there may be a time when it’s necessary to share something, if a service user tells you something you know is harmful or even abusive, you must pass this on. In this instance you must tell the person, who has disclosed this to you, that for their own safety you will be telling either ‘the Manager, senior staff on duty, Care Manager etc’. 4. 2 Another way to have yourself prepared for such an event is to have an Authorisation to Discuss Form. This can be explained and discussed with the service user, their family and Care Manager prior to them moving in, and once this is signed it becomes a safety net for you if such a situation should arise. Remember who is present at the meeting. Not everyone might need to know all of the items on the agenda. Be mindful if someone is at a person’s review, representing their day care for example, they can be asked to leave once they have had their item discussed. If you have an inspection from CQC, either a planned inspection or an unannounced, they will and can look at everything within the service. Any paperwork to do with the service users must be available and any staff information. Staff files must be kept in a locked cabinet and only the Manager should have keys. However there has to be another person, in a Managers position, who can be on site in 20 minutes with keys. So in the event of the Manager being out of the service and not able to get in, either annual leave or sickness, the Inspector can access the files. Some organisations have an agreement with CQC and all staff files can be held centrally, if your organisation has this agreement, it takes the responsibility off the Manager. An Inspector will visit Head Office annually and view all of the files at the one time. 4. 3 At the end of the day all of the procedures and policies you have in place are there to ensure you are providing the best service possible for the service users in your home. Inspectors, Care Managers, commissioners and families will want to see evidence that the service user is at the heart of the service. You can show this with minutes to house meetings, setting up an informal chat with the Inspector and a service user, or through an advocate. These methods are effective because the service user remains in some control as what they divulge. It can be like living in a gold fish bowl for the service user, they are aware everyone coming in to the service can read personal and confidential information on them. While it is necessary to have a complete picture and can be dangerous if details are left out, remember if you are using a member of staff from an agency, that you possible won’t see again, they may not need to have all the details of all the service users. You can use a ‘pen picture’ of individuals. This can give an overview of the person but not include personal details. This works well when there are two or more staff working together, the contracted staff who knows the service well can guide the agency staff through the shift. UNIT 1 USE AND DEVELOP SYSTEMS THAT PROMOTE COMMUNICATION There are many groups of people a Manager needs to communicate with in order to do the job effectively and efficiently. Staff need to be one of the first and most important groups. A Manager running a 24 hour service must recognise their staff are the promoters and advocates of the service in a Managers absence, next would be the service users themselves. Any service will have other health professionals attached, such as GP’s, OT’s, speech and language therapists. Families need to be included in any changes, or plans for the service, and close friends of individuals. Case Managers, commissioners and if registered, CQC all must be kept current, along with Operation and Regional Managers of the organisation. 1. 2 Communication in a service has to be constantly monitored and adapted if not proving to be effective. A communication book is an excellent communication tool, staff make a note of any appointments, telephone calls, meetings that have happened during their shift. When staffs come on duty they must first read the communication book, and then sign each entry. This way the Manager can be sure all staff has had the information. Staffs have a handover period of time, as one shift goes off duty, and as the next shift start. It is important to have a process, for example if working in a nine bedded service, start with room 1 and discuss anything relevant to that service user, then room 2 etc. That way no one individual is left out, this can often happen when there has been an incident surrounding 1 or 2 people, the handover can then be dominated by the incident and things can be forgotten. Handover sheets are a CQC requirement. This will indicate who is leading the shift, fire officer, first aider and who is responsible of medication. It will have a detailed list of jobs required, and staff sign once these have been completed. Within the handover sheet will be other forms that may need completing depending on the happenings of the day or the day of the week. This could include, water temperatures, menu planning, laundry, house shopping. Incident sheets are also mandatory, and can lead a change of outcome or procedure. Each service should have a procedure to follow when completing an incident sheet, and a list of people who the require a copy of the completed form. Supervision is a more person centred form of communication, as is Annual Performance Reviews of staff. Staff meetings are a place where roles and responsibilities can be agreed, and Managers can see which individuals are on board with a possible change, and who may need support/training. Emails are now a major part of communication in a service, and can be almost immediate if waiting for a response, a good way of ensuring emails have reached, and been read, are to attach a response flag to the email, this will indicate to the sender that the email has been opened. House meetings are an essential way for staff to learn if there are outstanding issues within the home, some service users prefer to speak when in a group, they need the safety net of others. Advocates often hold meetings in the service, and service users decide if they would like staff present. Service Managers should liaise with the advocate to ensure any issues or concerns raised can be addressed. Reviews of individuals are held every 6 months, case Managers, family, friends, other health professionals and any relevant day care units are all invited, this is an arena for goals and changes to be set in motion. Each service user will have a key worker, a member of staff who is responsible for the necessary paperwork for that person. The key worker will update the care plan, a person centred document which holds all the information on each individual. Any changes to routine, health, medication are recorded and notes for each review are made from the information gathered in the plan. 1. 3 As a Manager of a registered service all of the paperwork and policies and procedures in the home will be inspected annually by an inspector from the Care Quality Commission (CQC). The Care Standards Act 2000 introduced regulations to protect the privacy and dignity of people receiving care. it has put in place an independent regulatory system regarding care services. This can be challenging for the staff of a service as the CQC standards can be conflicting with the commissioners (the borough that are paying for the individuals to live in each home) standards. Alongside this organisations can have uniform paperwork that is expected to be in place, the Operations Manager to the service will do a monitoring visit to each home on a monthly basis, and could ask for a procedure to change, or to implement a new piece of legislation. The Manager would then need to send a copy of the proposed change to both the CQC and local commissioner for approval. Another challenge to effective communication is part time employment. Waiting for a response to something urgent, when the person concerned is not back at work for 2 days is frustrating. It also means effective handover periods and staff communication is essential. This is when the communication book, and minutes to meetings that have taken place, are vital. They support the lines of communication. Staff sickness is a challenge, if short notice and agency staff has to be used, this puts pressure on the permanent staff member, as they have to ensure the temporary staff is aware of their duties as well as carrying out their own responsibilities. Some long term members of staff can show reluctance to change, and communication can break down, especially if a relatively new member of the  team has an idea. Staff can dismiss the idea, or believe the ‘old way works fine’. Families can also believe they know what’s best for their siblings/children, even when they possibly haven’t lived together for years. The service user may be involved in a relationship or an activity they do not wish their family to know about, and this can cause families to c hallenge staff as they believe staff are hiding things or withholding information they believe they should be party to. 1. 4 Please see 2. 3 1. 5 Everyone responds in different ways to a situation. A good Manager will know their staff team and their service user group and will choose the correct way/time to communicate with them. An individual with a hearing or speech problems will respond to being in a small group or one to one session when being faced with an important issue to be discussed, Makaton or sign language can be used, or a pictorial aid. To increase awareness to sign language a ‘sign of the week’ could be introduced. The individual who uses signs can choose a word that is important to them, or a word they use most when excited or upset and their verbal communication lets them down. This can be put up in pictorial form on the notice board, and discussed with both staff and service users, staff can encourage everyone to use this sign. It gives the home another passage of communication. Managers who have something important to discuss with their team may prefer to have a meeting off site, and if faced with a new approach or major change a team building day or training course may be useful. Some families liked to be informed of anything that is happening to their loved one, and they like to speak to the Manager to assure them. Others may not need that level of contact and may email occasionally for an update. As a Manager you will know the families and if an email or phone call avoids conflict make a note in your diary weekly/monthly to contact a family member. This can ensure the families don’t speak directly to the service user and cause unnecessary upset. Staff who have been on annual leave or away sick should be given time on their return to read all necessary paperwork in order for them to be up to date in the happenings of the service. Ensure staffs sign all entries they have read, this is evidence for the Manager all information has been passed on. Head Office requires certain administration details, sickness, annual leave, pay increments. These types of details are recorded monthly on a ‘staff return’ form and processed at head office. 2. 1 All service users must have an up to date Care Plan and Assessment of Needs from the Care Manager in compliance with the Community care Act 1990. Care plans are the core of any service, and should be updated each time there has been a medical visit, one to one discussion, planning any changes to routine. These are always reviewed by CQC, commissioners and your own organisation. The object of a care plan is to ensure every need of the individual has been looked at and is being met. It should look at the person, not the disability, it should be looking at always promoting independence while always considering the person involved. An assessment of needs, which can also be referred to as a skills analysis, is a very useful d